Jeddah sebagai Miqat Makāni Jemaah Haji dan Umrah Indonesia (Analisis Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Tahun 1980, 1981, Dan 1996 Tentang Miqat Makāni)

Jeddah as Place of Miqat Makāni for Indonesian Hajj and Umrah Pilgrims (Analysis of Fatwas Issued by the Indonesian Ulama Council in 1980, 1981, and 1996 regarding Miqat Makāni)

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the method used by the Indonesian Council of Ulama (Majelis Ulama Indonesia/MUI) in designating the city of Jeddah as a miqat makānī, and to compare it with fatwas and opinions of other Islamic scholars. The research employs a qualitative approach using library research and a normative-juridical framework. The findings indicate that MUI’s determination of Jeddah as a miqat makānī is based on the concept of al-muḥāżāh, which refers to the equivalence in distance between Jeddah and other miqāt points toward Makkah, as explained in classical and contemporary Islamic scholarship. However, some scholars reject this designation, arguing that Jeddah lies within the miqāt boundaries and thus cannot serve as a starting point for ihram for pilgrims performing Hajj or ʿUmrah. In practice, Indonesian pilgrims are advised to don the iḥrām garments before departing from their home country and make the intention for entering into the pilgrimage rites (nusuk) when flight attendants announce that the aircraft is approaching the miqāt, in order to avoid violating the rules of ihram.