Analisis Kaidah Dar’u al-Ḥudūd bi al-Syubuhāt dalam Kasus Perzinahan Menurut Ijtihad ‘Umar bin al-Khaṭṭāb
Analysis of the Legal Maxim Dar’u al-Ḥudūd bi al-Syubuhāt in the Case of Adultery According to the Ijtihad of ‘Umar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36701/fikrah.v2i1.2419Keywords:
The Legal Maxim Dar’u al-Ḥudūd bi al-Syubuhāt, Adultary, Ijtihad, ʿUmar ibn al-KhaṭṭābAbstract
This study aims to analyze the application of the legal maxim Dar’u al-Ḥudūd bi al-Syubuhāt (Avoiding Ḥudūd Punishments Due to Doubts) in cases of adultery based on the ijtihād of ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb. The research raises two main questions: First, what was the concept of ijtihād employed by ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb (ra) in cases of adultery? Second, how is the relevance of the maxim Dar’u al-Ḥudūd bi al-Syubuhāt connected to ʿUmar’s ijtihād in such cases? This study uses a qualitative method with a normative-juridical approach and literature review. The data are sourced from the Qur’an, Hadith, and various classical and contemporary legal texts, which are then analyzed. The results of the research indicate that Caliph ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb’s ijtihād in dealing with adultery cases reflects a careful implementation of the principle Dar’u al-Ḥudūd bi al-Syubuhāt, an Islamic legal maxim which asserts that ḥudūd punishments should not be enforced in the presence of doubt. In several instances, ʿUmar refrained from carrying out the ḥad punishment for adultery due to factors such as coercion (ikrāh) or legal ignorance (jahl), opting instead for discretionary punishment (taʿzīr) that was more morally and contextually appropriate. The implementation of this study highlights the importance of caution in enforcing ḥudūd punishments, especially in cases involving ambiguity such as ikrāh or jahl. This aligns with the legal maxim Darʾu al-Ḥudūd bi al-Syubuhāt and supports the use of taʿzīr as a more contextual and relevant alternative for the development of Islamic law oriented toward justice and public welfare.
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