Praktik Bagi Hasil Ternak Kambing  Pakalawaki di Kabupaten Bantaeng Perspektif Fikih Muamalah

Profit-Sharing Practice of Pakalawaki Goat Farming in Bantaeng Regency: A Fiqh al-Muamalat Perspective

Authors

  • Mirnawati Alya Dewi Institut Agama Islam STIBA Makassar, Indonesia
  • Kurnaemi Anita Institut Agama Islam STIBA Makassar, Indonesia
  • Asnawati Patuti Institut Agama Islam STIBA Makassar, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36701/fikrah.v2i3.2445

Keywords:

goat, pakalawaki, profit-sharing, fiqh of transaction, Islamic law

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the profit-sharing practice of goat farming known as pakalawaki in Bantaeng Regency from the perspective of Islamic commercial jurisprudence (fiqh muamalah). Pakalawaki is a partnership between a goat owner and a caretaker (herder) based on a profit-sharing system after the goats are sold or reproduce. This research is a descriptive-qualitative field study using a normative-phenomenological approach, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings show that the pakalawaki practice in Bantaeng is a profit-sharing system rooted in mutual trust and local custom. In fiqh muamalah, it closely resembles a mudarabah-type syirkah, where the goat owner acts as the capital provider and the caretaker as the manager, based on a mutual profit-sharing agreement. Although the contract is verbal, it is valid in Islamic law due to the recognition of local custom (al-‘ādah muḥakkamah). In certain cases, the system also contains elements of ijarah, especially when the caretaker still receives compensation even if the goats do not reproduce. The practice of pakalawaki upholds principles of Islamic transaction such as clarity of contract, mutual consent, and justice, while avoiding gharar (uncertainty) and ẓulm (injustice). As long as the agreement is transparent, it is considered valid according to Sharia and reflects the flexibility of Islamic law in accommodating local traditions. However, the study also found weaknesses, including the absence of written agreements and a lack of understanding of Islamic legal principles concerning risk and the rights and responsibilities of each party. Therefore, the study recommends the use of written contracts to establish a fair, professional, and Sharia-compliant partnership. This is expected to prevent disputes and bring blessings to the transactions.

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Published

2025-11-28

How to Cite

Praktik Bagi Hasil Ternak Kambing  Pakalawaki di Kabupaten Bantaeng Perspektif Fikih Muamalah: Profit-Sharing Practice of Pakalawaki Goat Farming in Bantaeng Regency: A Fiqh al-Muamalat Perspective. (2025). AL-FIKRAH: Jurnal Kajian Islam, 2(3), 736-760. https://doi.org/10.36701/fikrah.v2i3.2445