القذف في وسائل الإعلام (تطبيق القاعدة الكتاب كالخطاب)
Calumny on Social Media (Application of Juristic Maxim “Writings are Equivalent to Speech”)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36701/fikrah.v3i1.2460Keywords:
Calumny, Social Media, al-Kitāb ka al-Khiṭāb, Juristic Maxim, TechnologyAbstract
This study examines the manifestations of calumny (false accusation of fornication) on social media through the perspective of the juristic maxim “Writings are equivalent to speech”. The research contextualizes these concepts within contemporary digital environments. It aims to survey classical juristic opinions both on calumny and on this maxim, and to apply their rulings to everyday contexts—regarding how calumny is manifested on social media. To extract legal rulings, the researcher uses a descriptive-analytical methodology, gathering information from Qur'an, Sunnah, and scholars' writings for critical analysis. This approach enables understanding both classical theory and modern practice. Since modern platforms are text-based, calumny is effectively committed through writing—in comments or posts—long as the written expression conveys an accusation of adultery (whether explicit or by innuendo or insinuation) to the online community; moreover, such conduct falls within the scope of insult and defamation under the Law on Information and Electronic Transactions. When the accusation is explicit, according to sharia, the offender is punished with eighty lashes, revoked from serving as a legal witness, and a threat of painful punishment in the hereafter if one does not repent. If the calumny is conveyed only by innuendo or indirect hints, it falls under discretionary punishment because it still constitutes harm to another. As for its statutory sanction under the Law on Information and Electronic Transactions, the offender shall be liable to imprisonment for a maximum period of two years or to the payment of a fine amounting to four hundred million rupiah.
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الملحقات:
Jadwal 3.2.1.: fī Bayān Syurūṭ Ijrāʾ al-Qā`idah wa-Ilgāʾihā.
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