Status Gugatan bagi Penggugat yang Telah Tiada Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif

The Status of a Lawsuit Filed by a Deceased Plaintiff: An Islamic Law and Positive Law Perspective

Authors

  • Muhammad Zadly Institut Agama Islam STIBA Makassar, Indonesia
  • Rustam Koly Institut Agama Islam STIBA Makassar, Indonesia
  • Muhammad Fachmi Institut Agama Islam STIBA Makassar, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36701/fikrah.v3i1.2575

Keywords:

Heir, Islamic Law, Lawsuit, Positive Law, Plaintiff

Abstract

This study discusses and compares the continuation of a lawsuit when the plaintiff passes away before a court decision is issued, from the perspectives of Islamic law and positive law. The objectives of this research are: to examine the Islamic legal perspective on the continuation of a lawsuit when the plaintiff dies during the judicial process, and to identify the legal implications for the plaintiff’s heir in continuing or terminating the lawsuit according to both Islamic and positive law. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach using library research as the primary data collection method. The approaches used are normative and comparative, with data analyzed qualitatively through a deductive method. The discussion is based on primary sources such as classical Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), the Qur'an, Hadith, and ijma‘, as well as Indonesian positive law, particularly the Civil Code (KUHPerdata) and Supreme Court jurisprudence. The findings indicate that, in Islamic law, the right to file a lawsuit related to proprietary matters (al-ḥuqūq al-māliyah) may be inherited and pursued by the heir, whereas personal rights such as ṭalāq and qiṣāṣ cannot be inherited. In Indonesian positive law, Articles 833 and 1100 of the Civil Code stipulate that the rights and obligations of the deceased are transferred to their heir, subject to the procedural requirement of party substitution before the court. As an implication, this research is expected to contribute to the development of Islamic and positive legal studies by promoting legal certainty, safeguarding inheritance rights, and ensuring that legal disputes

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Published

2026-01-30

How to Cite

Status Gugatan bagi Penggugat yang Telah Tiada Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif: The Status of a Lawsuit Filed by a Deceased Plaintiff: An Islamic Law and Positive Law Perspective. (2026). AL-FIKRAH: Jurnal Kajian Islam, 3(1), 26-48. https://doi.org/10.36701/fikrah.v3i1.2575