Tinjauan Hukum Islam terhadap Ibadah Wanita yang Nifas Melebihi 40 Hari Studi Komparatif Mazhab Syafii dan Mazhab Hambali

Islamic Law Review on the Worship of Women with Postpartum Bleeding Exceeding 40 Days A Comparative Study of Shafi'i and Hambali Schools of Though

Authors

  • Muhammad Rafid Institut Agama Islam STIBA Makassar
  • Muhammad Ikhsan Institut Agama Islam STIBA Makassar
  • Muhammad Institut Agama Islam STIBA Makassar

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36701/fikrah.v2i2.2599

Keywords:

Lochia, Irregular bleeding, Shafii school, Hambali School, Islamic law

Abstract

This study aims to examine the postpartum bleeding period (pendarahan pasca melahirkan) from both medical and Islamic legal perspectives, as well as to compare the legal methodologies employed by the Shafii and Hambali schools regarding the maximum duration of pendarahan pasca melahirkan. In Islamic jurisprudence, nifas is considered a major ritual impurity (ḥadas akbar) that prevents women from performing certain acts of worship such as prayer and fasting. According to the Shafii school, the maximum duration of Nifas is 60 days, while the Hambali school limits it to 40 days. If bleeding continues beyond these limits, it is classified as istihadah (non-menstrual bleeding). This research focuses on three main issues: (1) What are the medical and Islamic legal views on nifas? (2) What are the methods of legal reasoning (istinbāṭ) in the Shafii and Hambali schools? (3) How do these schools differ in addressing cases where Nifas exceeds 40 days? This study uses library research with a descriptive-qualitative approach, based on various sources such as books, journals, academic articles, theses, and classical Islamic texts. The findings indicate that medically, nifas refers to the discharge of blood following childbirth, typically lasting 4 to 6 weeks—aligning with general Islamic legal principles. In Islamic law, nifas carries legal consequences for women’s ritual obligations. While both schools rely on the Qur’an, hadith, consensus (ijmak), and analogical reasoning (kias), they differ in ijtihād. The Shafii school allows up to 60 days, while the Hambali school restricts it to 40 days. This difference reflects interpretive flexibility in accommodating postpartum variations.

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Published

2025-09-10

How to Cite

Tinjauan Hukum Islam terhadap Ibadah Wanita yang Nifas Melebihi 40 Hari Studi Komparatif Mazhab Syafii dan Mazhab Hambali: Islamic Law Review on the Worship of Women with Postpartum Bleeding Exceeding 40 Days A Comparative Study of Shafi’i and Hambali Schools of Though. (2025). AL-FIKRAH: Jurnal Kajian Islam, 2(2), 642-664. https://doi.org/10.36701/fikrah.v2i2.2599