Standar Keabsahan Lafaz Talak Ṣarīḥ Dalam Perspektif Empat Mazhab
The Standard of the Validity of Divorce with Ṣarīḥ Pronouncement in Perspective of The Four Schools of Thought
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36701/fikrah.v2i3.2600Keywords:
Explicit divorce pronouncement, law, validity standars, four schools of thought, comparative Islamic jurisprudenceAbstract
This study examines and analyzes the legal understanding of the standards for ṣarīḥ divorce pronouncements within the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence: Ḥanafī, Mālikī, Shāfi‘ī, and Ḥanbalī. The primary focus lies in exploring the divergent views regarding the validity of divorce explicitly pronounced by a husband, particularly when uttered under psychological or emotional pressure. This research employs a qualitative method with a normative and conceptual approach, grounded in library-based study. The data sources consist of primary references such as the Qur’an, Hadith, and classical fiqh texts, along with secondary sources including scholarly journals and contemporary fatwas. The findings reveal that all four schools affirm the legal validity of ṣarīḥ divorce even in the absence of intention, provided the husband meets the legal requirements. However, there are substantial differences in assessing the validity of such pronouncements when made under certain mental or emotional conditions. The Ḥanafī and Shāfi‘ī schools emphasize the clarity of the utterance itself, while the Mālikī and Ḥanbalī schools consider the presence of intention and mental awareness. The implication of this study highlights the importance of integrating Islamic legal texts with psychosocial contexts in evaluating the validity of divorce, thereby contributing to the development of Islamic family law that is more contextual and responsive to modern societal dynamics.
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