Analisis Maqāṣid Al-Syarī‘Ah Terhadap Khilaf Fikih dalam Pembagian Warisan antara Kakek dan Saudara: An Analysis of Maqashid Syariah Regarding the Jurisprudential Dispute on Inheritance Distribution Between Grandfather and Siblings

Muhammad Raihan; Khaerul Akbar; Muhammad Muhammad

doi:10.36701/fikrah.v3i4.3180

Authors

Muhammad Raihan Institut Agama Islam STIBA Makassar, Indonesia
Khaerul Akbar Institut Agama Islam STIBA Makassar, Indonesia
Muhammad Muhammad Institut Agama Islam STIBA Makassar, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36701/fikrah.v3i4.3180

Keywords:

Maqāṣid al-Syarī‘ah, Inheritance, Conflict of Interests, Grandfather and Siblings, Jurisprudential Differences

Abstract

The distribution of inheritance between the grandfather (jadd) and siblings (ikhwah) remains a classical, debated issue in Islamic inheritance law due to the absence of an explicit, definitive text (naṣṣ ṣarīḥ, qaṭ‘ī) governing this matter. This study aims to identify and analyze jurists' views on the grandfather's position in inheritance distribution alongside full and paternal siblings, and to examine these differing opinions through the maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah approach. It employs a descriptive qualitative library-research method, through the collection and review of relevant classical and contemporary literature. The findings show a consensus (ittifāq) on the grandfather's position as a substitute for the father, while differences (ikhtilāf) arise between the Hanafi school, which holds that the grandfather fully excludes siblings (ḥijāb ḥirmān) as the father would, and the Maliki, Shafi‘I and Hambali schools, which hold that siblings may still inherit alongside the grandfather, with the grandfather receiving the most favorable share. Through maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah analysis, both opinions prove equally aligned with the five essential objectives of syariah (al-kulliyāt al-khams), though with different emphases: the first stresses legal certainty, methodological consistency, and efficient property management, while the second stresses siblings' economic rights, family harmony, and equitable wealth distribution. This study concludes that both opinions constitute legitimate maṣlaḥah muʿtabarah, reflecting not an unfounded disagreement but taʿāruḍ al-maṣāliḥ al-muʿtabarah. Its contribution lies in advancing Islamic inheritance law (fiqh mawāris) by using maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah as a normative framework for evaluating juristic disagreements, while reinforcing its relevance for resolving contemporary jurisprudential disputes contextually and maṣlaḥah-orientedly.

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