Aḥkām al-Jahālah pada Jual Beli Kontemporer: Tinjauan Fikih Muamalah
Aḥkām al-Jahālah in Contemporary Commerce: An Islamic Jurisprudence Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36701/fikrah.v3i3.3202Keywords:
jahālah, e-commerce, tarāḍin, digital transactions, fiqh muamalahAbstract
This study aims to comparatively examine the aḥkām al-Jahālah across five dominant digital transaction models, namely marketplace, dropshipping, pre-order, buy now pay later (BNPL), and live streaming commerce, from the perspectives of the four major legal schools (Hanafi, Maliki, Syafii, and Hambali). The methodology employs qualitative library research with a normative approach and comparative. The primary finding reveals a paradigm shift from passive jahālah to active digital jahālah induced through manipulative interface designs (dark patterns) that systematically obstruct information access and vitiate tarāḍin (mutual consent). This study concludes that the validity of each model is conditional: marketplace transactions are valid through precise waṣf; dropshipping requires transparent wakālah restructuring; pre-orders must conform to salam or istiṣnāʿ criteria; BNPL necessitates strict exclusion of riba al-Nasīʾah; whereas live streaming commerce is highly susceptible to compounded violations like najasy and tadlīs. As a policy implication, this research formulates three normative principles, specifically proportionality, active transparency, and substantive tarāḍin, along with a synthesis table of aḥkām to serve as a foundational framework for DSN-MUI and OJK in drafting comprehensive digital consumer protection regulations.
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