Kajian Hukum Islam terhadap Teh Kombucha: Analisis Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Berdasarkan Proses Fermentasi dan Kadar Alkohol
An Islamic Legal Study of Kombucha Tea: An Analysis of the Indonesian Ulema Council Fatwa Based on the Fermentation Process and Alcohol Content
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36701/fikrah.v3i5.3467Abstract
Kombucha tea is a fermented beverage made from sweetened tea using a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast, commonly referred to as a Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast (SCOBY). The fermentation process may produce varying levels of ethanol, thereby raising questions regarding its halal status, particularly when the product is consumed by Muslim communities. This study aims to analyze the fermentation process, ethanol content, and the legal status of *biotic culture of bacteria and yeast, commonly referred to as a kombucha consumption from the perspectives of Islamic law and the Fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council Number 10 of 2018 concerning Food and Beverage Products Containing Alcohol/Ethanol. This study employs normative legal research through library research, using normative-Sharia and conceptual approaches. The data were obtained from the Qur’an, hadith, Islamic jurisprudential literature, MUI fatwas, scholarly journals, and documents related to fermentation and halal products, and were then analyzed qualitatively using content analysis. The findings indicate that the legal status of kombucha tea cannot be determined solely on the basis of the fermentation process or the presence of ethanol. It must also take into account the source of the ingredients, the production process, the final ethanol content, intoxicating effects, and potential health risks. According to the MUI Fatwa, fermented beverages containing less than 0.5% ethanol may be considered halal provided that they are non-intoxicating, medically harmless, and produced from halal and pure ingredients through a halal process. Conversely, products that reach or exceed this threshold, cause intoxication, pose health risks, or contain unlawful ingredients do not meet halal requirements. These findings highlight the importance of fermentation control, ethanol testing, transparent product information, and caution among Muslim consumers.
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