Pembatasan Hak Pengelolaan Harta Terhadap Safih (Studi Komparatif Mazhab Hanafi dan Mazhab Syafii): The Restriction of Property Management Rights for Safih (A Comparative Study between the Hanafi and Syafii Schools of Thought)

Muh. Nur Aziizy Al-Qadry; Jahada Mangka; M. Dzul Fadli S.

doi:10.36701/fikrah.v3i3.3643

Authors

Muh. Nur Aziizy Al-Qadry Institut Agama Islam STIBA Makassar, Indonesia
Jahada Mangka Institut Agama Islam STIBA Makassar, Indonesia
M. Dzul Fadli S. Institut Agama Islam STIBA Makassar, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36701/fikrah.v3i3.3643

Abstract

This study focuses on comparative Islamic jurisprudence concerning the restriction of property management rights according to the Hanafi and Shafi’i schools of thought. The aim of this research is to examine the views of both schools regarding the restriction of property management rights for a safih (a person deemed incapable of managing wealth properly) and to analyze the similarities and differences in the application of ḥajr as a mechanism for protecting property. This research employs a qualitative approach using library research methods and a comparative analysis of the juristic sources of both schools. The findings indicate that the Shafi’i school considers a safih to be a person who is incapable of managing property competently and regards ḥajr as a Sharia-compliant mechanism for safeguarding wealth. The differences between the two schools lie in the criteria for determining who is considered safih, the duration of ḥajr, and the conditions for its termination. The Shafi’i school, along with some Hanafi scholars, requires both puberty (bulūgh) and financial maturity (rushd) before a person is granted full authority over their property. In contrast, the Hanafi school generally considers adulthood as sufficient grounds for lifting ḥajr, even if rushd has not yet been demonstrated. This study concludes that these differences stem from the distinct methods of legal reasoning (istinbāṭ al-aḥkām) and the differing interpretations of the evidences employed by each school. This research contributes to the development of Islamic law, particularly in the field of Islamic commercial jurisprudence, by providing a conceptual framework for the protection of property, legal capacity, and the principle of maṣlaḥah in response to the evolving dynamics of modern transactions and asset management. The findings are expected to serve as a reference for both academic research and the development of contemporary Islamic legal practice.

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