NUKHBATUL 'ULUM: Jurnal Bidang Kajian Islam
NUKHBATUL 'ULUM: Jurnal Bidang Kajian Islam is an academic journal published twice a year (June and December) by the Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (P3M) Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Islam dan Bahasa Arab (STIBA) Makassar, Indonesia. This journal emphasizes specifications in the discourse of Islamic Studies (Dirasah Islamiyah), and communicates actual and contemporary research and problems with regard to Islamic studies. This journal openly accepts the contributions of experts from related disciplines. All published articles do not necessarily represent the views of journals, or other institutions that have links to journal publications. The article will be published in English, and Arabic language.
Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (P3M) Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Islam dan Bahasa Arab (STIBA) Makassar
An Analytical Study on Lecturer Development Management at the College of Islamic and Arabic Studies (STIBA) Makassar
This article examines the management of faculty development at STIBA Makassar as a strategic foundation for strengthening the Tridarma of higher education. The study aims to analyze specific dimensions of faculty development—pedagogical competence, research productivity, and career advancement—while assessing management aspects such as budgetary allocation, supervisory consistency, and institutional incentive systems. A qualitative case study approach was employed, involving ten informants selected through purposive sampling, including institutional leaders, department heads, and senior lecturers. Data analysis followed a thematic approach with an inductive-deductive coding process, ensuring trustworthiness through source triangulation. The findings reveal that while STIBA Makassar demonstrates strong institutional commitment, implementation faces structural hurdles, including budget constraints and excessive teaching workloads that stifle research productivity. However, the P3M unit has shown progress through AI-based writing and OJS digitalization. By synthesizing these findings with Human Resource Development and Motivation theories, this research contributes a Hybrid Management Model that integrates modern professional accountability with traditional Islamic institutional values. These results provide a strategic roadmap for building a sustainable, quality-oriented faculty development system in pesantren-based institutions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Ridwan, Muh. Wayong, Musdalifah Musdalifah, Fauziah Ramdani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Opportunities and Challenges of Halal Tourism Industry in Indonesia: A SWOT Analysis
The rapid global growth of the tourism industry has positioned halal tourism as one of the most promising sectors in Muslim-majority countries. Indonesia, with its large Muslim population and rich natural and cultural diversity, holds significant potential to become a leading destination in the halal tourism market. This study aims to examine the opportunities and challenges faced by Indonesia’s halal tourism industry and to formulate strategic recommendations for its development. Employing a descriptive qualitative method with a phenomenological approach and SWOT analysis, this study explores internal and external factors influencing the industry. The findings reveal that Indonesia’s strengths lie in the growing Muslim population, increasing awareness of the halal lifestyle, and government support through institutional coordination. Meanwhile, the main challenges include relatively low-quality infrastructure compared to competitors, limited technological integration, and the absence of specific financial and legal frameworks for halal tourism. The study recommends a growth strategy through horizontal integration, emphasizing digital branding and social media promotion, as well as the urgency of establishing a national law on halal tourism. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive positioning of Indonesia’s halal tourism industry using SWOT analysis to bridge the gap between potential and policy direction, offering strategic insight for policymakers and industry stakeholders.
halal, tourism, industry, SWOT, Indonesia
Copyright (c) 2025 Azwar Azwar, Abur Hamdi Usman, Khaerul Aqbar, Humaira Ahmad, Mutsalim Khareng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A Comparative Study of the Shafi‘i and Maliki Schools on Debt Transactions in the Mulangin Tradition within the Wedding Reception Culture of the Betawi Community
This study examines the mulangin tradition within the Betawi community, a form of reciprocal social-economic practice that functions as an informal debt system rooted in solidarity and mutual aid. The problem arises from its unclear legal status in Islamic jurisprudence whether mulangin constitutes a lawful loan or a customary social practice. This research using a qualitative narrative and socio-legal approach, this research analyzes the practice through the perspectives of the Shafi‘i and Maliki schools, employing field interviews, observations, and classical fiqh texts as primary sources. The findings show that the Shafi‘i school emphasizes contractual clarity and the avoidance of additional benefits that could lead to Riba, while the Maliki school legitimizes mulangin as a valid social custom as long as it aligns with the objectives of Islamic law and mutual consent. The study concludes that mulangin represents a living synthesis between Islamic law and local wisdom, demonstrating the adaptability of Islamic jurisprudence in accommodating social and cultural realities without compromising the principles of justice , consent, and communal welfare.
Mulangin Tradition, Shafi’i School, Maliki School, Fiqh Muamalah, The Law of Walimah
Copyright (c) 2025 Fatih Zein Muhammad, Ahmad Bisyri Abd. Shomad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
ملاءمة طريقة الحوار السقراطي في تنمية مهارة الكلام لدى طلاب الصف السابع بمدرسة الأزهر المتوسطة الإسلامية - مِنْجَانْتِي كَرْسِيكْ
Teaching Arabic at the junior secondary level faces several serious challenges, most notably the limited participation of students in oral communication and the dominance of lecture-based instructional approaches. This study aims to analyze the suitability of the Socratic dialogue method in developing speaking skills among seventh-grade students at Al-Azhar Islamic Junior High School, Menganti Gresik. This research employed a descriptive qualitative design. The participants consisted of seventh-grade students enrolled in Arabic language classes at the aforementioned school. Data were collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews with teachers and students, questionnaires, and an analysis of instructional documents and assessment reports. The data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s model through the stages of data collection, reduction, categorization into thematic units, and verification of credibility through both source triangulation and method triangulation. The findings indicate that the implementation of the Socratic dialogue method enhances students’ active participation in oral interaction, strengthens their ability to formulate reflective questions and responses in Arabic, and promotes the development of critical thinking skills. However, several challenges were identified, including limited instructional time, unequal student participation, and increased cognitive load for some learners. The study suggests that integrating the Socratic dialogue method with task-based language teaching (TBLT), along with continuous teacher training, can improve its effectiveness in developing speaking skills in Arabic language classrooms.
Socratic dialogue method, speaking skills, Arabic language learning, TBLT, critical reflection
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Imam Nawawi , Kamal Yusuf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
(منهج الشيخ حسنين مخلوف في تقرير صفات الله (دراسة تطبيقية من خلال تفسيره صفوة البيان لمعاني القرآن
This study examines the methodology of Shaykh Ḥusayn Muḥammad Makhlūf in affirming the divine attributes of Allah through his exegesis Ṣafwat al-Bayān li-Maʿānī al-Qurʾān, a concise tafsīr that gained wide popularity among ordinary Muslims due to its clarity of expression and accessibility. The importance of this research lies in the potential risk of doctrinal deviations being transmitted through such concise works to the general readership, as well as the need to assess the extent to which this tafsīr adheres to the creed of the pious predecessors (al-salaf al-ṣāliḥ). The study employs a descriptive-analytical approach combined with a comparative method, by tracing the author’s interpretations concerning the divine attributes, weighing them against textual and rational evidences, and comparing them with the positions of the salaf and leading exegetes. The findings reveal that Makhlūf affirmed several major attributes—such as life, knowledge, power, speech, and transcendence (both in essence and in dominance)—in line with the methodology of the salaf. However, in other places, he adopted the path of tafwīḍ (consigning meanings) and taʾwīl (figurative interpretation), attributing tafwīḍ of meanings to the salaf, categorizing verses of transcendence and istiwāʾ as mutashābihāt (ambiguous), and interpreting certain attributes, such as seeing, hearing, face, and shin, away from their apparent meanings. This produced a methodological inconsistency between affirmation, tafwīḍ, and taʾwīl. The contribution of this study lies in highlighting the doctrinal dimensions of Ṣafwat al-Bayān, pointing out its methodological shortcomings, and guiding readers and scholars towards reliance on authoritative salafī exegeses, while offering a critical academic perspective that distinguishes between the genuine salaf methodology and its divergences.
ʿAqīdah (Islamic Creed), Divine Attributes, Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamāʿah, Tafwīḍ (Consignment), Taʾwīl (Allegorical Interpretation)
Copyright (c) 2025 Ridwan Nur al-Salam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
الفلسفة الماركسية وموقف مفكري المسلمين منها:دراسة تحليلية نقدية
This research aims to study Marxism as a philosophical and social movement that emerged in the 19th century in response to the economic and social transformations brought about by the Industrial Revolution, and to analyze its theoretical structure in light of its central concepts such as dialectical materialism, historical materialism, and class struggle. The researcher adopted a comparative analytical approach, through a critical reading of classical Marxist texts and comparing them with Islamic intellectual positions, to reveal the strengths and weaknesses of the Marxist interpretation of man and society. The results showed that Marxism has made an important contribution to the analysis of economic injustice and the critique of capitalism through the concept of the exploitation of the working class and the accumulation of capital. However, it remains limited because it interprets history from a purely materialistic perspective and neglects the spiritual and metaphysical dimensions of human existence. The research also showed that Islamic thought, on the other hand, offers an integrative vision that reconciles the material and the spiritual, restoring social justice to its ethical and spiritual dimension. The scientific importance of this research lies in its contribution to renewing the dialogue between Marxist and Islamic thought and highlighting the need to develop an alternative epistemological model that balances economic analysis and human values, in line with contemporary challenges such as globalization, environmental crises, and digital transformations.
Marxism, Dialectical Materialism, Historical Materialism, Class Struggle, Islamic Thought
Copyright (c) 2025 Amal Fathullah Zarkasyi, Allan Muhammad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Islamization of the Invinsible Hand Concept by Adam Smith: A Reconstruction towards Islamic Key Principles
This study aims to Islamize Adam Smith’s concept of the invisible hand, which has long been regarded as a central pillar of capitalist economic theory. The invisible hand describes a free market mechanism in which individuals pursuing self-interest unintentionally contribute to collective welfare. While this theory emphasizes efficiency, it has been criticized for neglecting morality, justice, and equity. From an Islamic economic perspective, these dimensions are essential, as economic activity must be aligned with values of tawḥīd (monotheism), justice, and social responsibility. The research employs a qualitative approach through literature review and conceptual analysis. The literature review examines Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations and The Theory of Moral Sentiments, alongside classical and contemporary Islamic economic writings. Conceptual analysis is then used to assess the compatibility between the invisible hand and Islamic principles, particularly the role of zakat, ḥisbah, and maqāṣid al-Syarīʿah in shaping economic justice and social welfare. The results show that Smith’s invisible hand can be reconstructed by integrating Islamic values, thereby producing a more equitable economic model. While self-interest remains a driving force for efficiency, Islamic principles such as distributive justice through zakat, ethical oversight through ḥisbah, and alignment with maqāṣid al-Syarīʿah ensure that markets also serve moral and social objectives. The implication of this study is twofold: theoretically, it contributes to the enrichment of Islamic economic thought; practically, it offers policymakers an alternative framework for designing economic systems that are not only efficient but also just and welfare-oriented.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Faqih Nidzom, Allan Muhammad, Rizvan Falah Kamil https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Quality Standards for Online Dakwah Content (Thematic Study in the Book Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim)
The quality of online da‘wah content is a critical determinant of its effectiveness in conveying religious messages in the digital era. Its impact is highly contingent upon the faithful application of ethical principles rooted in the teachings of Islam. This study aims to identify quality standards for online da‘wah content based on the teachings of Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. The research adopts a qualitative literature review (library research) approach, employing both normative–theological and sociological methods, and applies a thematic analysis of relevant hadith narratives. The findings indicate that quality standards for online da‘wah content, as reflected in Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, comprise core values such as honesty, politeness, gentleness, friendliness, humility, moderation, exemplary behavior, refraining from slander and conflict, and fostering an optimistic outlook. The hadiths in Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim underscore the vital significance of preserving the authenticity of the da‘wah message and upholding ethical standards in its delivery — a matter of utmost relevance when addressing the challenges posed by digital platforms. To ensure that online da‘wah has a constructive and meaningful impact in nurturing the faith and moral character of its audience, it must be grounded in these high moral and intellectual standards.
content quality standards, online da'wah, Ṣaḥiḥ Muslim, thematic studies, hadith and da'wah
Copyright (c) 2025 Putriany Putriany, Zulfahmi Alwi, Arifuddin Ahmad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Risk Management Based on Lā Ḍarar wa Lā Ḍirār in Sharia Home Financing
This study aims to analyze and elaborate on the concept of risk management based on lā ḍarar wa lā ḍirār in Sharia Home Financing at PT Wahana Persada Indonesia, one of the Sharia Property Developers. The research employs a qualitative method with a grounded theory methodology approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with relevant organizational stakeholders, observations, and document analysis. The findings reveal that the risk management concept implemented by PT Wahana Persada Indonesia involves a step-by-step process comprising risk qualification, risk identification, and risk control as part of the application of lā ḍarar wa lā ḍirār. Risk management strategies are conducted within the framework of Islamic legal maxims (qawā‘id fiqhiyyah) and are constructed into two derived principles, namely al-ḍarar yudfa‘ bi qadri al-imkān (harm should be removed as much as possible) and al-ḍarar yuzāl (harm must be eliminated), which serve as analytical tools. The findings of this study can serve as input for risk management regulations in Islamic financial institutions or other Sharia-compliant developers by integrating risk management strategies with Sharia values.
Risk Management, Sharia Property Developers, Lā Ḍarar wa lā Ḍirār
Copyright (c) 2025 Kurnaemi Anita, Wahyuddin Abdullah, Sumarlin Sumarlin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
أصول المسائل الفقهية عند الشافعية: دراسة تطبيقية على أصل "النوم ناقض للوضوء" نموذجًا
This study explores the concept of “Foundations of Jurisprudential Issues” (Uṣūl al-Masāʾil al-Fiqhiyyah) within the Shāfiʿī school, examining its meaning, usage, and practical application through the principle: "Sleep invalidates ablution (wuḍūʾ) except for one sitting firmly". The research problem lies in the ambiguity of this concept and the lack of independent analytical studies, despite its frequent use in Shāfiʿī legal literature. The precise meaning of the term and the methodological approach of the scholars in dealing with it -through derivation (takhrīj) and branching (tafrīʿ)- have not been clearly defined. The study adopts a descriptive, analytical, and comparative methodology, by examining the writings of Shāfiʿī jurists and uṣūl scholars, analyzing their use of the term, and applying it to a specific jurisprudential principle to identify the relied-upon narrations and trace their juristic implications. The main objectives are to define and clarify the concept of Uṣūl al-Masāʾil al-Fiqhiyyah, and to explain the Shāfiʿī methodology in establishing and applying such foundational principles in jurisprudential reasoning. The research concludes that the Foundations of Jurisprudential Issues refer to the authoritative views of Imām al-Shāfiʿī upon which his followers built subsequent rulings. Recognizing these foundations helps in understanding the structure of the madhhab and the criteria of preference within it. The study also finds that the principle "Sleep invalidates ablution except for one sitting firmly" is based on the new (jadīd) opinion of Imām al-Shāfiʿī and has become a firmly established foundation upon which numerous juristic branches are built.
Copyright (c) 2025 Imam Riadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
الجملة في كتاب الأربعين النووية عند نظرية محمد ابراهيم عبادة (دراسة نحوية)
This study aims to identify the types and forms of sentences in Arabic language from the perspective of Muhammad Ibrahim Ubadah's theory, with the object of study being the book of Al-Arba’in Al-Nawawiyyah. The approach used is a syntactic approach. This study is a descriptive-qualitative research. The type of data used is qualitative data, and the source of data is the book of Al-Arba’in Al-Nawawiyyah. The data collection technique used is the observation-note method, and the analysis technique used is the distributive method, specifically BUL technique (Immediate Constituent Analysis). The results of this study show that there are six relevant types of sentences, including simple sentences, extended sentences, compound and complex sentences, complex sentences, embedded sentences, and intertwined sentences. From these sentence types, there are two forms in simple sentences, namely nominal and verbal patterns, five expansion forms in extended sentences, three connector forms in compound and complex sentences, five subordinating conjunction forms in complex sentences, two sentences that form embedded sentence patterns, and four sentences in intertwined sentence patterns. Through this study, it is expected to provide theoretical benefits and can be used as literature in the study of Arabic language.
sentence, al-arba’in al-nawawiyyah, method, theory, Arabic language
Copyright (c) 2025 Azwar Khairuyyasir, Akmaliyah Akmaliyah, Siti Muslikah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Carbon Credit Trading: A Juridical and Fiqh Muamalah Review
This paper examines carbon credit trading from both juridical and fiqh muamalah perspectives. Carbon trading as promoted under the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement, has become a strategic instrument for mitigating climate change by assigning value to verified emission reductions. As interest in environmental finance grows, assessing its alignment with Islamic legal principles is increasingly important. This study employs a qualitative library research method using a descriptive-analytical approach. Data sources include national and international laws, classical and contemporary Islamic legal texts, and academic journal articles relevant to the topic. The findings show that, from a juridical perspective, the Emission Reduction Purchase Agreement (ERPA) positions carbon credit trading within the framework of civil law, especially in contract and property law domains. From the fiqh muamalah perspective, carbon trading can be interpreted through the concept of ijarah bi al-manfa’ah, where the tradable benefit is the certified reduction of emissions. In this context, countries or companies engaged in reforestation or low-emission initiatives provide measurable environmental services to higher-emission entities, who compensate them financially. The study concludes that carbon credit trading, when implemented with transparency and fairness, aligns with both legal and sharia principles. The novelty of this research lies in its integrative analysis, offering a conceptual bridge between modern environmental policy and Islamic commercial jurisprudence, providing insights for regulators, Islamic finance institutions, and policy-makers seeking to develop sharia-compliant environmental instruments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nuradi Nuradi, Husnul Khatimah, Jaih Mubarok https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
The Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Hadith Scholarship: A Bibliometric Perspective on Emerging Research Directions
This study aims to map the research landscape concerning the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in hadith studies. It seeks to identify key academic trends, including publication growth patterns, frequently explored topics, institutional and individual contributions, emerging research directions, and areas that remain underexplored. The analysis employs bibliometric methods based on data from the Scopus database, covering the period from 2013 to 2024. The findings reveal a significant increase in scholarly interest, with 103 publications identified, reflecting the growing recognition of AI's relevance in hadith scholarship. Among the most prolific contributors is Sayoud, H., while the most cited work—Hadith Data Mining and Classification: A Comparative Analysis by Saloot M.A. et al. (2021)—highlights the multidisciplinary importance of AI in the classification of hadith. Publication analysis shows that the Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, and Procedia Computer Science are the leading platforms for disseminating AI-related research in this domain. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia stands out as the most active institution in this field. Geographically, Malaysia leads the research output, contributing 30 publications. Topic mapping identifies key research themes such as hadith, authenticity, narrator, Qur'an, model, approach, technique, and classifier. Emerging topics—including authenticity, narrator, reliability, isnad (chain of transmission), saying, and deep learning—indicate a growing focus on hadith authentication and chain analysis using AI technologies. Conversely, areas such as complexity, challenge, meaning, phase, order, Muslim, and legislation appear to be underrepresented, suggesting potential opportunities for future exploration. This study highlights the growing integration of AI into hadith scholarship, urging institutions to adopt digital approaches, expand research collaboration, and explore underrepresented topics through broader datasets and mixed-method analyses to advance both theoretical and practical dimensions of Islamic studies.
artificial intelligence; hadith; hadith studies; bibliometric
Copyright (c) 2025 Azwar Azwar, Abur Hamdi Usman, Mohd Farid Ravi Abdullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Role of Bahtsul Masail in Improving the Understanding of Jurisprudence of Santri at Manbaul Hikam Islamic Boarding School in Burneh Bangkalan
Discussion forums organized in Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) are one of the most effective means to support students’ understanding of scientific material in the yellow classical books (kitab kuning). Bahtsul masail is a typical religious discussion forum in the pesantren tradition, which is used to examine contemporary issues through a fiqih perspective. This research explores the role of bahtsul masail in improving the understanding of fikih among the santri of Pondok Pesantren Manbaul Hikam Burneh, Bangkalan. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, involving observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation analysis as data collection techniques. The results show that bahtsul masail plays a significant role in deepening the fikih understanding of santri, especially in terms of the practical application of Islamic law. The intensive and collaborative discussions in bahtsul masail encourage santri to think critically and analytically on complex issues, which in turn strengthens their intellectual and religious skills. This study concludes that Bahtsul Masail is an important instrument in pesantren education that is effective in producing knowledgeable and insightful santri. This study gives implication that bahtsul masail as the main learning method that not only encourages the improvement of santri's knowledge in religious sciences, but also develops their skills in scientific and religious argumentation through interactive and collaborative discussions.
Bahtsul Masail, Understanding of Jurisprudence, Santri, Pesantren; Manbaul Hikam
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Musadad, Baihaqi Baihaqi, Muttaqin Choiri, Tri Pujiati, Asmoi Asmoi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
فقه الإمام إبراهيم النخعي وأثره في مذهب الحنفية في صفة الصلاة
The research aims to: - Introduce Imam Ibrahim al-Nakha'i (may Allah have mercy on him) through a brief biographical sketch. -Compile his jurisprudential views on a section of the Book of Prayer, study the issues therein, and clarify his positions. -Uncover the methodology of Imam al-Nakha'i (may Allah have mercy on him) and its relation to the ijtihadi approach of the Hanafi school.The research adopts an inductive and deductive methodology. The findings reveal a significant influence of his jurisprudence on the Hanafi school, as they concurred with him in seven out of eight issues examined. Two of these are unique to the Hanafis, who disagreed with the majority in favor of Imam al-Nakha'i's opinion. They disagreed with him on only one issue, yet even in that, they agreed with a less well-known narration attributed to him. Furthermore, they aligned with him on numerous evidentiary sources in Islamic law, including the Qur’an, Sunnah (particularly mursal hadith), consensus (ijma‘), analogical reasoning (qiyas), and the statements of the Companions. This research highlights the impact of Imam al-Nakha‘i’s jurisprudence—may Allah have mercy on him—on the Hanafi school, both in its foundational principles and practical rulings.
madhhab (school of thought), prayer, description
Copyright (c) 2025 Arben Ghani Ahmetay https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
منهج الشيخ عبد الحق الدهلوي في خصائص النبي (عرض وتعقيب على ضوء عقيدة أهل السنة والجماعة)
In this research, I shed light, to the best of my ability, on the following elements: (1) a brief biography of al-Dahlawi, (2) al-Dahlawi's approach to the characteristics of the Prophet ﷺ and the doctrinal violations he cited without providing evidence for them from the Qur'an and Sunnah, (3) a commentary on these characteristics in light of the doctrine of Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah. This is achieved by following an inductive analytical approach, whereby the characteristics not proven by the Qur'an and Sunnah are collected from al-Dahlawi's works, followed by an analysis based on the Qur'an, Sunnah, and the sayings of the righteous predecessors to determine the extent to which the sheikh agrees with the doctrine of Ahl al-Sunnah. The research extracts the following results from it: 1) al-Dahlawi is a renowned scholar, especially in the Indian subcontinent, and author of numerous works on the doctrine of the Ash'aris and the Sufi order. 2) al-Dahlawi differed from Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah regarding some of the characteristics of the Prophetﷺ , and this is considered an exaggeration in his praise of the Prophet ﷺ. 3) There is no authentic evidence that the first of creations was our Prophet Muhammad ﷺ or his spirit. 4) There is no authentic evidence to indicate this, and the claim that the Prophet ﷺ parents embraced Islam and were saved contradicts the Quran, the Sunnah, and the consensus. 5) The prophets are alive in their graves, and this life is a life in the intermediate realm, not a worldly life. 6) It has been proven that the control of the universe is the exclusive property of Allah Almighty, and no one shares it with Him, neither prophet nor angel. Ad-Dahlawi (may Allah forgive him) also disagreed on this and affirmed that other prophets and saints can control the universe.
Ahl al‑Sunnah wa al‑Jamā‘ah, Characteristics of the Prophet, Methodology, Creed, ‘Abd al‑Ḥaqq al‑Dihlawī
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Mahmud Al Hasan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Temporary Tattoo Decorations on the Body from the Perspective of Islamic Jurisprudence
This study aims to examine in depth the law of using temporary tattoos in the perspective of Islamic fiqh. The research method used in this study is library research with a phenomenological and normative approach. The data were collected through documentation methods and subsequently analyzed using qualitative analysis. The results of this study indicate that the law of using temporary tattoo decoration on the body in the perspective of Islamic fiqh is still in dispute (khilāfiyyah). Some contemporary scholars allow temporary tattoos on the condition that they do not contain images of animate beings, do not resemble non-Islamic culture, do not block the water of ablution, and are not permanent. However, some conservative scholars reject the use of temporary tattoos on the grounds of prudence (wara') and the application of the sad al-Zara'i rule to prevent greater harm, such as the possibility of resembling non-Muslim practices and obstruction of wudu. Therefore, the use of temporary tattoos should be considered based on intention, materials, cultural context, and its impact on worship obligations. This study recommends a wise and selective attitude in the use of temporary tattoos in accordance with the principles of Islamic law. This research is expected to make a significant contribution to the understanding of fiqh law related to the use of temporary tattoos and can be a practical guide for muslim communities as well as a valuable reference for further research.
body adornment, Islamic jurisprudence, temporary tattoos
Copyright (c) 2025 Musriwan Musriwan, Andi Dahmayanti, Andi Indra Putri, Risdayani Risdayani, Nur Utami https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Repeating an Obligatory Prayer when One Finds a Congregation in the Mosque
In everyday Muslim devotional life, it is not uncommon for an individual who has already performed an obligatory (farḍ) prayer—either privately or elsewhere—to arrive at a mosque where congregational prayer (ṣalāt al-jamāʿah) is being established. This situation raises a recurring jurisprudential question: should the individual repeat the obligatory prayer with the congregation, and what is the legal status (ḥukm) of such repetition (iʿādah)? This article aims to conceptualize the practice of repeating an obligatory prayer upon encountering a congregation and to examine the legal rulings and juristic reasoning surrounding it across the major Sunni schools of law. The study employs a qualitative, library-based methodology using a normative juridical approach, drawing on classical and contemporary works of fiqh, uṣūl al-fiqh, and ḥadīth. A comparative analysis is conducted of the positions held by the Ḥanafī, Mālikī, Shāfiʿī, and Ḥanbalī schools. The findings reveal that repeating an obligatory prayer with a congregation after having already fulfilled it—either individually or in another congregation—is generally regarded as a recommended (mandūb or sunnah) act rather than a renewed obligation. The repeated prayer is typically classified as supererogatory (nāfilah) or confirmatory in nature, intended to attain the additional merit of congregational worship, while the initial prayer remains the one that fulfills the legal obligation. Nevertheless, juristic disagreement persists regarding specific details, including the permissibility of repeating certain prayers such as ʿAṣr and Maghrib, as well as the ruling on repetition for those who have already prayed in congregation. By clarifying these differences and their evidentiary bases, this study provides a clearer jurisprudential framework for contemporary mosque communities and fiqh educators in addressing the practice of iʿādah of obligatory prayer.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sri Ujiana Putri, Andi Indra Puteri, Khusnul Khotimah, Hilyah Hilyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Integration of Islamic Law into Local Governance: the Impact of Datuk Tellue’s Da’wah in South Sulawesi
The Islamization of South Sulawesi, particularly in the Bugis-Makassar hinterland, represents a significant shift in Indonesia's religious and socio-political history. This article highlights the migration of Islamic scholars from West Sumatra to key kingdoms in the region, which contributed to the formation of new Islamic landscapes that were previously recognized only in localized contexts. The integration of Islamic teachings into local governance systems, particularly through Pangngaderreng, succeeded in establishing Islam not only as a religion but also as a foundation for state legislation. This paper examines the da’wah strategies employed by Datuk Tellue, including (1) da’wah bi al-Hal, (2) da’wah bi al-Lisan, and (3) da’wah bi al-Aqd, and their impact on cultural and political dynamics in South Sulawesi. The study reveals how Islam was interwoven with local traditions and governance structures to shape a unique Islamic identity in the region. Furthermore, the establishment of Islamic educational institutions and councils such as Parewa Sara played a critical role in ensuring the continued influence of Islam in South Sulawesi.
Islamization, Datuk Tellue, Bugis-Makassar, da’wah strategy, Pangngaderreng, Islamic governance, South Sulawesi
Analysis of Abu Yusuf's Thoughts on Tax Revenue in the Book of al-Kharāj and Its Relevance to Contemporary Tax Law Principles: A Fiqh Perspective
This article aims to analyze the differences of opinion among scholars regarding the legal imposition of obligations on the public by the Islamic state other than zakat. The main focus of this article is on the views of Abu Yusuf, a prominent scholar during the Abbasid era, whose famous work al-Kharāj made a significant contribution to the development of the tax system in the Islamic state, as well as its relevance to contemporary tax law principles. In addition, the article examines the criteria for tax collection based on the perspective of fiqh. This study employs a qualitative approach using normative juridical and descriptive-analytical methods. The findings reveal that Abu Yusuf, through al-Kharāj, recognized the imposition of taxes by the state in addition to zakat, such as jizyah (a tax levied on non-Muslim citizens), ‘usyr (a tithe, typically one-tenth of agricultural produce), and kharāj (a land tax on agricultural lands). During the time of Prophet Muhammad PBUH there were no established regulations regarding kharāj and ‘usyr. The implementation of these two taxes began during the era of ‘Umar bin al-Khaṭṭāb RA, following the conquest of Persian territories, particularly the fertile region of Sawad in Iraq, where kharāj was imposed on land and ‘usyr was levied on non-Muslim traders entering Islamic territories. The conclusion of this study is that the imposition of taxes other than zakat is recognized in fiqh, provided it meets specific criteria, including a real and urgent need, fair and prudent implementation, allocation of tax revenue for public interest, and consultation between the leader and experts prior to tax imposition. The practical implication of this study is that the application of taxes in accordance with fiqh criteria can serve as an additional source of revenue for Islamic states to develop infrastructure and improve social welfare, particularly in efforts to alleviate poverty.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jajat Sudrajat, Muhammad Furqon Almurni, Yadi Janwari, Dedah Jubaedah
A Review of the Prophetic Hadith on Suicide and Its Implications for Prevention among Adolescents
Suicide is a serious mental health issue that affects many adolescents around the world, including Muslims. Although Islamic teachings strictly prohibit suicide, the phenomenon persists, indicating a gap between religious teachings and the reality faced by adolescents. Various factors, such as academic pressure, identity conflict, and the influence of social media, contribute to the increased risk of suicide among adolescents. This study aims to explore the hadith perspective on suicide and develop a prevention model based on Islamic teachings, with a focus on adolescents. The method used in this study is qualitative with a descriptive analysis approach. Data were collected through a literature study that delved into hadith related to suicide, as well as literature that discussed psychological factors such as depression, anxiety, and stress. This approach allowed the researcher to provide a comprehensive understanding of Islamic teachings and the factors that influence suicidal behavior. The results show that the traditions that discuss suicide are of authentic quality and provide strong moral guidance. They emphasize the prohibition of suicide and teach the importance of valuing life and finding solutions to difficulties. In addition, this study found that the integration of psychological and spiritual approaches in addressing the problem of suicide is still less than optimal. This study recommends the development of a suicide prevention model that integrates hadith values with psychological approaches. By creating a supportive environment, comprehensive religious education, and adequate psychological support, it is expected to reduce the suicide rate among Muslim adolescents. These efforts are essential to building better mental resilience and creating a healthier and more productive generation.
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Ali, Sitti Asiqah Usman Ali, Abd. Bashir Fatmal, La Ode Ismail Ahmad
The Tradition of Bilang Mule in Determining the Beginning of the Month of Ramadan from a Islamic Legal Perspective
This study aims to find out how the determination of the beginning of the month of Ramadan in Islam and the review of Islamic law on the Bilang Mule Tradition in determining the beginning of the month of Ramadan is a case study in Badak Village, Central Aceh. The problems raised in this study are; First, how to determine the beginning of the month of Ramadan in Islam in Badak village, Central Aceh. Second, what is the Islamic view regarding the mule word in determining the beginning of the month of Ramadan in Badak Aceh Tengah village. In an effort to obtain answers to the problems, the researchers used a type of field descriptive research, using a normative, historical, and phenomenological approach. The research results found are; First, the determination of the beginning of the month of Ramadan from the perspective of Tengku Samin as the Chief Imam in Badak village, Central Aceh is carried out by the reckoning method in the form of a count of five method, the count of five method is included in the reckoning method because in the daily market it follows the concept of urfi reckoning. Second, the Islamic view regarding saying mule in determining the beginning of the month of Ramadan is not permissible because there is no similarity in how to follow the rukyatul hilal and reckoning.
Tradition, Bilang Mule, Ramadan, Islamic
Copyright (c) 2024 Sri Ujiana Putri, Munira Munira, Siti Suarni Siti Suarni
The Role of Muslimah Wahdah Tanralili Branch in Da’wah Outside the Home: A Review of the Rule of al-Ḍarar al-Asyaddu Yuzālu bi al-Ḍarar al-Akhaf
This study aims to determine the role of Muslim women’s dakwah outside the home in the context of the al-Ḍarar al-Asyaddu Yuzālu bi al-Ḍarar al-Akhaf rule, with a particular focus on the activities of Muslim women engaged in dakwah outside the home. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, eschewing statistical analysis, and focuses on case studies derived from field research. The study employs a normative and phenomenological methodology, with a qualitative descriptive analysis. The findings revealed that the Muslimah Wahdah Islamiyah Tanralili Branch exerted a significant impact on the dissemination of da’wah in Tanralili District. Through the active organisation of religious activities in Tanralili, the Branch facilitated a gradual understanding of Islamic law among the community, enabling its practical application in their lives. With regard to the activities of Muslim women in the field of da’wah, if we consider them in the context of the rule al-Ḍarar al-Asyaddu Yuzālu bi al-Ḍarar al-Akhaf, we find that the situation of Muslim women engaged in da'wah today is one that entails certain risks. These dangers are lessened when compared to the dangers of Muslim women not preaching in the community, namely the spread of shirk and the distance of the community from Islamic law. The findings of this research imply that women are permitted to leave the house for reasons outside the home, such as preaching, but they must still adhere to the principles of modesty and decorum that are expected of them as Muslim women. They must also fulfil their domestic responsibilities before leaving the house.
Da’wah, Muslimah, Outside the Home, Rules.
Copyright (c) 2024 Andi Dahmayanti, Munawara Munawara, Risdayani Risdayani, Muliana Muliana
Designing Model of Integrated Land Waqf and Cash Waqf Empowerment in Providing Apartments: Potentials and Challenges
This research aims to design a model for integrating waqf land and cash waqf in the provision of apartments for low-income communities in Indonesia as a solution to enhance community welfare. This study employs a qualitative research method with a literature review approach. The research indicates that the model for integrating waqf land and cash waqf holds significant potential in providing apartments for low-income communities. Waqf land, often neglected and primarily allocated for consumptive sectors, can be optimized for productive sector development through this integration. Waqf land is viewed as a strategic physical asset, while cash waqf offers flexibility in financing infrastructure development. The integration of both presents great opportunities to create sustainable social and economic impacts, with rental income from apartments serving as a productive investment that supports further development. The study also identifies several challenges related to the integration of waqf land and cash waqf, particularly concerning waqf management, which requires transparent governance, adequate regulatory support, and cross-sector collaboration. Additionally, social constraints related to public perception of waqf may also affect the implementation of this model. This research recommends innovative policies and synergy between the government, waqf institutions, and the private sector to address these challenges and maximize the potential of waqf integration in providing housing for those in need.
Copyright (c) 2024 Diana Herlin Widiastuti Anggraini, Ade Nur Rohim
The Controversy of the Book Waṣīyyat al-Muṣṭafā and Its Factors of Popularity in Hadith Studies
The study of hadith in Indonesia has experienced significant development in the 17th century. This is marked by many scholars from the archipelago who authored and studied hadith texts in each generation. One of the key texts is Waṣiyyat al-Muṣṭafā. Although this text is popular, Waṣiyyat al-Muṣṭafā has a controversial aspect due to the presence of many fabricated hadiths and the ambiguity surrounding its authorship. This research aims to analyze the factors contributing to the popularity of Waṣiyyat al-Muṣṭafā in Indonesia. This study is qualitative in nature, utilizing literature review methods and employing an analysis based on Max Weber's theory of authority, which includes charismatic authority, traditional authority, and legal-rational authority. Additionally, the research uses the theory of printing or publication to analyze the factors behind the popularity of Waṣiyyat al-Muṣṭafā. The findings indicate that Waṣiyyat al-Muṣṭafā remains popular despite its controversial aspects, The presence of many fabricated hadiths and the ambiguity surrounding its authorship, largely due to influential community figures and their significant followings who engage in studying the text. Furthermore, the association of the text with Imam al-Sya’rani, known for his prominence in the field of hadith, is believed to have positively impacted its popularity. Additionally, the bureaucratic structure of pesantren (Islamic boarding schools) incorporates this text into its curriculum, and the printing industry has played a role in producing and disseminating Waṣiyyat al-Muṣṭafā throughout Indonesia.
Controversy, Popularity, Waṣiyyat al-Muṣṭafā.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ahmad Nurhamdani, Viki Junianto, Iqbal Nursyahbani, Mohammad Hamsa Fauriz
A Critical Analysis of al-Ḥiyal al-Syar'iyyah Concept within the Ḥanafī School Paradigm: Implications and Implementation in Contemporary Financial Transactions
This study examines the concept of al-ḥiyal al-syar'iyyah (permissible legal stratagems) from the Ḥanafī school of thought perspective and its application in contemporary financial transactions. The research aims to analyze the Ḥanafī scholars' views on al-ḥiyal al-syar'iyyah and explore its implementation in financial contracts (mu'āmalah māliyyah). Employing a qualitative approach with normative and sociological perspectives, this study focuses on textual analysis of classical and modern Islamic jurisprudence sources. The findings reveal that the Ḥanafī school considers al-ḥiyal al-syar'iyyah as a legitimate method to navigate religious matters without violating Islamic law, categorizing it into permissible and impermissible stratagems based on their objectives and alignment with maqāṣid al-sharī'ah (objectives of Islamic law). The study also demonstrates the application of this concept in various financial contracts, including sales, leases, loans, gifts, and contemporary Islamic financial products. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on Islamic legal theory and its practical implications in modern Islamic finance, providing valuable insights for academics, policymakers, and practitioners in the field.
al-Ḥiyal al-Syar'iyyah, Ḥanafī School, Islamic finance, Legal stratagems
Copyright (c) 2024 Sartini Lambajo, Siti Sa’dianti, Nabilah Al Azizah, Sabila Adzkia
Mental Diseases According to Hamka and the Methods of Treatment (A Review of Hamka's Tasawuf Modern Book)
This study aims to answer the challenges of modern psychology with Hamka's soul theory in his book Tasawuf Modern. This is a qualitative study conducted at a library that analyzes data using descriptive analytical methods, psychological and Sufi approaches, and deductive-inductive techniques. The findings of this study are: first, the definition and characterization of a healthy soul according to Hamka and its hierarchy. Second, according to Hamka, mental illness is in the form of ghadab, takabbur, khauf and huzn and their triggers. Third, the treatment of mental illness is by coaching the soul through tadzkiatu al-nafs externally, namely: 1) associating with good people, 2) getting used to thinking, 3) maintaining lust, 4) working regularly, 5) self-introspection. And internally, namely sincerity, gratitude, asceticism, resignation and qana'ah. From this research we can understand that mental health is the influence of the purity of the soul through the education of the mind and heart externally and internally.
Hamka, Mental, Mental Diseases, Tadzkiyatu al-Nafs
Copyright (c) 2024 Imroatul Istiqomah, Fikri Hidayatul Rukmana, Muhammad Shohibul Mujtaba
Exploring the Diversity of Asbāb al-Wurūd Utilities in Jurisprudential Hadiths
Without knowledge of the asbāb al-wurūd, individuals can easily misunderstand hadiths. Moreover, the specific hadith under consideration serves as a source of Islamic jurisprudence (jurispridential hadith or hadith of fiqh), thereby potentially leading to errors in legal interpretations. To mitigate such occurrences, this article aims to elucidate the concept of asbāb al-wurūd both theoretically and practically in the context of understanding fiqh-related hadiths. This research addresses three key questions: a) the definition and principles of asbāb al-wurūd; b) the significance of hadith in Islamic jurisprudence; and c) the application of asbāb al-wurūd in interpreting fiqh-related hadiths. Through a literature review and qualitative descriptive analysis, data is gathered from diverse reliable sources, including journal articles, traditional texts (turāth), scholarly works, and credible documents. The findings demonstrate that asbāb al-wurūd involves studying the contextual background of hadiths to discern their intended meanings. Furthermore, the application of asbāb al-wurūd in fiqh-related hadiths encompasses six functions: specifying the general, defining the absolute, elaborating on the universal, clarifying abrogated rulings (naskh), providing legal reasoning (taṣrīḥ), and explaining ambiguities (musykil).
Asbāb al-Wurūd, Jurisprudential Hadiths, Utility
Copyright (c) 2024 Ananda Prayogi, Fahrur Razi, Alwi Shobri
Implementation the Rules of al-Ḍarar al-Asyaddu Yuzālu bi al-Ḍarar al-Akhaf at the Bathing Process Transgender Body
If the bodies of transgender people who have had genital surgery are carried out according to their original gender, it will cause harm to Muslims. For example, transgender women who are originally male are bathed by men, while their body condition has changed to that of a woman. If it is held according to the current gender it will cause harm to the Islamic religion, namely as if the act of changing gender is permissible. Both of these conditions cause harm. This research aims to analyze the rules of al-ḍarar al-ashaddu yuzālu bi al-ḍarar al-akhaf during the procession of washing the body of a transgender persons that solutions can be found to alleviate these disadvantages. This research is qualitative literature research with a normative juridical approach. The results of the research explain that in the process of washing, the lightest harm is to return the body to its original law. In order to further alleviate the harm that must be done, the washing procession is described in the condition of khunsa musykil, namely that the body can simply be placed in public without washing it, as agreed by the majority of ulama. This is done to protect the private parts and prevent Muslims from seeing and touching it and it is better if the person holding the body is from their own family. Heavy adversity can ultimately be eliminated by enduring lighter adversity and light adversity can still be alleviated by referring to the law of bathing khunsa musykil.
Copyright (c) 2024 Eka Syahriani, Supardin Supardin, Fatmawati Fatmawati, Sri Ujiana Putri
Inheritance Transitioning to Gift in The Issuance of Land Certificates: an Islamic Legal Perspective
In Islamic law, inheritance and gifts are two distinct concepts with different rules and implications. However, in practice, there is often confusion between these two, particularly in the context of land ownership and certification. This confusion can lead to legal complications and potential disputes. This research aims to elucidate inheritance and gifts in Islam and the factors causing and legal position of the transition of inheritance status to gift status in the issuance of land certificates. This study employs a qualitative descriptive research approach focused on textual analysis, utilizing normative juridical and conceptual approaches. The findings are as follows: Firstly, the factors leading to the transition of inherited land status to gifted land include the community’s lack of understanding regarding the difference between inheritance and gifts, the absence or loss of supporting documents, and the facilitation of land registration. Secondly, the legal position of changing the status of inherited land to gifted land in the issuance of land certificates arises due to the loss of supporting documents and to prevent future complications. This action is permitted based on considerations of maṣlaḥah (public interest) to safeguard property and prevent harm. It also falls under emergency conditions where the fiqh principle states that every necessity justifies what is forbidden, but only for administrative purposes. The land remains inherited land in accordance with the fiqh principle that the intention and substance, not the expressions and formalities, are the reference points in transactions.
Inheritance, Grants, Land Certificates, Transition Laws, Land Status
Copyright (c) 2024 Nur Afni A., Sarah Suleman