Batasan Kadar Dua Kulah sebagai Standar Kesucian Air Menurut Imam Syafii dan Ibnu Taimiyah
Limitation of the Level of Two Kulahs as a Standard for the Purity of Water According to Imam Shafii and Ibn Taimiyah
Keywords:
Two Kulahs, The purity of water, Imam Shafii, Ibn Taimiyah
Abstract
This study aims to find out how Imam Shafii and Ibn Taimiyah view the limit of two kulahs as a standard for the purity of water, as well as how the comparative analysis and argumentative basis for the opinions of Ibn Taimiyah and Imam Syafii regarding the limit of two kulahs as a standard for the purity of water. This research uses descriptive qualitative research (non-statistical) using the library research method (literature review) which is supported by normative and comparative approaches. The results of this study indicate that there are different views between Imam Shafii and Ibn Taimiyah regarding the matter of limiting the levels of two kulahs as a standard for the purity of water. Ibn Taimiyah did not make the level of two kulahs a standard for the purity of water, but rather changes in the properties of the water (color, taste or smell). Meanwhile, Imam Syafii made two kulahs as a standard for the purity of water if the water is unclean, provided that the properties of the water do not change. The arguments used by the two scholars are all valid, but the cause of differences of opinion is the interpretation and understanding of these arguments. The implications of this research are expected to be a reference for the world of academics and Muslims in general, especially on the issues of taharah and the sanctity of water.
References
Al-Qur’an al-Karim
Buku:
al-Alba>ni>, Muhammad Na>s}ir al-Din. D}ai>f al-Ja>mi’ al-S}agi>r wa Ziya>datuhu. t.t. al-Maktabah al-Isla>mi>, t.th.
al-Bagda>di>, Abu> al-Hasan Ibnu al-Qas}ar Ali ibn Umar ibn Ahmad. ‘Uyu>n al-Ad’illah fi> Masa>il al-Khila>f Baina Fuqaha>’ al-Ams}a>r. Riyad: Maktabah al-Malik Fahd al-Wat}aniyyah, 1426 H/2006 M.
Ibn Ba>z, ‘Abd al-Azi>z ibn Abd’illah. Majmu>’ Fata>wa> wa Maqa>la>t Mutanawwi’ah. Cet. I; Riyad: Da>r al-Qa>sim, 1420 H.
al-Buhu>ti>, Mans}u>r ibn Yu>nus ibn Idri>s. Kisya>f al-Qina>’ ‘an Matan al-Iqna>’. Riyad: Maktabah al-Nas{r al-Hadi>s|ah, 1388 H\/1968 M.
al-Bukha>ri, Muhammad ibn Isma’i>l ibn Ibrahim ibn al-Mugi>rah ibn Bardizbah. S}ah}i>h} al-Bukha>ri>. Bulaq: al-Sult}a>ni>yah, 1311 H.
al-Damsyiqi>, Ibnu Qayyim al-Jauziyyah Muhammad ibn Abi> Bakr ibn Ayyu>b ibn Sa’ad. Tahz|i>b al-Sunan. Cet. I; Riyad: Maktabah al-Ma’a>rif li al-Nasyri wa al-Tauzi>’, 1428 H/2007 M.
al-Fauza>n, Abdullah ibn Sa>lih. Minhah al-‘Alla>m fi> Syarh}i Bulu>g al-Mara>m. Cet. I; t.t. Da>r Ibni al-Jauzi> li al-Nasyri wa al-Tauzi>’, 1427 H.
al-Ha>ris}i>, ‘A>id{ ibn Fadgu>sy ibn Jaza>’. Ikhtiya>ra>t Syaikh al-Isla>m ibn Taimiyah al-Fiqhi>yah. Cet. I; Riyad: Da>r Kunu>z Isybi>liya> li al-Nasyri wa al-Tauzi>’ 1430 H/2009 M.
al-Husaini>, Muhammad Siddiq Kha>n ibn Hasan ibn ‘Ali> ibn Lut}fullah. al-Raud}ah al-Nadiyyah Syarhu al-Durur al-Bahiyya. t.t. Da>r al-Ma’rifah, t.th.
Kementerian Agama R.I. Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahnya. Jakarta: Lajnah Pentashihan Mushaf Al- Qur’an, 2020 M.
Ibn Ma>jah, Muhammad ibn Yazi>d. Sunan Ibni Ma>jah. Kairo: Da>r ih}ya>I al-Kutub al-‘Arabi>yah, 1313 H.
al-Maqdisi>, Abu> Muhammad Abdullah ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Quda>mah. al-Mugni>. Cet. III; Riyad: Da>r ‘A>lim al-Kutub li al-T}aba>’ah wa al-Nasyru wa al-Tauzi>’, 1417 H/1997 M.
Ibn Muhammad, ‘Abd al-Az}im ibn Badawi>. al-Waji>z fi> Fiqh al-Sunnah wa al-Kita>b al-‘Azi>z. Cet. III; Mesir; Da>r Ibni Rajab, 1421 H/2001 M.
al-Naisabu>ri, Abu> al-Husain Muslim ibn al-Hajja>j al-Qusyairi>. S}ah}ih} Muslim. Kairo: Mat}bu’ah’I>sa> al-Ba>bi> al-Halbi> wa Syirka>hu, 1374 H.
al-Naisabu>ri>, Muhammad ibn Ibra>him ibn Munz|ir. al-Ijma’. Cet. I; t.t. Da>r al-Muslim, 1425 H/2004 M.
al-Namari>, Abu> Umar Yu>suf ibn Abd’illah ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Ba>r ibn A>s}im. al-Tamhi>d li ma> fi> al-Muwat}t}a min al-Ma’a>ni> wa al-Asa>ni>d. Maroko: Wiza>rah ‘Umu>m al-Awqa>f wa al-Syuu>n al-Isla>miyyah, 1387 H.
Nasir, Mohammad. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif. Cet. III; Bandung: Erlangga, 2012 M.
al-Nawawi>, Abu Zakariyya Yahya ibn Syaraf. al-Majmu’ Syarh{u al-Muh{az|z|ab. Kairo: Ida>rah al-T}aba’ah al-Muni>ri>yah, 1344 H.
Noor, Juliansyah. Metodologi Penelitian. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Grup, 2011 M.
al-Ru>fi>’i, Abu> al-Fad}l Muhammad ibn Mukrim ibn Ali ibn Manz}u>r al-Ans}ari>. Lisa>nu al-‘Arab. Cet. III; Beirut: Da>r S}a>dir, 1414 H.
Ibn Rusyd, Muhammad ibn Ahmad. Bidāyah al-Mujtahid wa Nihāyah al-Muqtas||}id. Kairo: Da>r al-Hadi>s|, 2004 M.
al-Sijistani>, Abu> Da>wud Sulaima>n ibn al-Asy’as| al-Azdi>. Sunan Abi> Da>wud. Cet. I; Beirut: al-Maktabah al-‘Asriyah, t. th.
Sa>biq, Sayyid. Fiqhu al-Sunnah. Cet. III; Beirut: Da>r al-Kita>b al-‘Arabi>, 1397 H/1977 M.
Suryabrata, dan Sumadi. Metodologi Penelitian. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2014 M.
al-Sya>fi’i>, Muhammad ibn Idris ibn al-Abba>s. Ikhtila>f al-Hadi>s|, Juz 8. Cet. II; Beirut: Da>r al-Fikr, 1403 H/1983 M.
al-Syafi’i>, Muhammad ibn Idris. al-Umm. Cet. II; Beirut: Da>r al-Fikri, 1403 H/1983 M.
al-Syarbi>ni>, Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Khathīb. Mugḥni> al-Muhta>j ilā Ma’rifah Alfaẓ al-Minhāj. t.t. Da>r al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah, 1415 H.
Ibn Taimiyah, Ahmad ibn ‘Abd al-Hali>m, Majmu>’ al-Fata>wa> . Cet. III; Madinah: Mujma’ al-Malik Fahd li T}a}ba>’ah al-Musha>f al-Syari>f, 1425 H/2004 M.
Ibn Taimiyah, Ahmad ibn ‘Abd al-Hali>m. Mukhtas}ar al-Fata>wa> al-Mis}riyyah. Beirut: Da>r al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1405 H/1985 M.
Ibn Taimiyah, Ahmad ibn ‘Abd al-Hali>m. Syarhu> al-‘Umdah fi> al-Fiqh Kita>b al-T}aha>rah. Cet I; Riyad: Maktabah al-‘Abi>ka>n, 1412 H.
al-Tirmiz|i>, Muhammad ibn I>sa>. Sunan al-Tirmiz|i>. Cet. II; Mesir: Syirkah Maktabah wa Mat}ba’ah Mus}t}afa> al-Ba>bi> al-Halbi>, 1395 H.
al-‘Us|aimin, Muhammad ibn Sa>lih. al-Syarhu al-Mumti’ ‘ala Za>di al-Mustaqni’. Cet. I; t.t. Da>r Ibnul Jauzi>, 1422 H.
al-Zuh}aili>, Muhammad. al-Mu’tamad fi > al-Fiqhi al-Sya>fi’i>. Cet. III; Damaskus: Da>r al-Qalam, 1432 H/2011 M.
al-Zuh}aili>, Wahbah. al-Fiqh al-Islāmi> wa Adillatuhū. Cet. IV; Damaskus: Da>r al-Fikr, 1425 H/2005 M.
Jurnal Ilmiah:
Busyro dan Saiful Amin. “Kedudukan Bak Pencuci Kaki Sebelum Masuk dan Keluar Tempat Berwudhuk Dalam Tinjauan Fiqh Ibadah”, ALHURRIYAH: Jurnal Hukum Islam 03, no.1 (2018); h. 1-12.
Djafry, Muhammad Taufan. "Tinjauan Klasik-Modern Hukum Islam terhadap Air", NUKHBATUL'ULUM: Jurnal Bidang Kajian Islam 3.1 (2017): h. 42-49.
al-H{assa>wi>, Sa>lih{ ibn Suwailih} ibn S{a>lih{. "Mula>qah al-Ma>’ al-Qali>l li al-Naja>sah Dira>sah Fiqhiyyah Muqa>ranah”, Majallah Kuliyah al-Syari>’ah wa al-Qanu>n Tafahhanah al-Asyraf 21, no. 6 (2019): h. 4309-4334.
Wibisana, Wahyu. “Hukum Penggunaan Air Limbah Daur Ulang untuk Bersuci”, Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam-Ta’lim 12, no.1 (2014): h. 69-77.
Disertasi, Tesis, Skripsi:
Razak, ‘Abd “Redefinisi Air Mutlak (Kajian Komparatif terhadap Fiqh Klasik dan Fiqh Modern)”. Disertasi. Banda Aceh: PPs UIN Ar-Raniry Darussalam, 2021.
Situs dan Sumber Online:
al-‘Atmuni>, Abu> Mu’az| ‘Abd al-Rab al-S}alih}i>n Abu> D}aifi. al-Ma>u al-Najas wa Ba’d}u ma Yata’allaqu bihi> min Ahka>m.
المالماء النجس وبعض ما يتعلق به من أحكام (PDF) (alukah.net) (21 Mei 2023).
Komisi Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI), “Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor: 02 Tahun 2010 Tentang Air Daur Ulang”. Situs Resmi MUI. https://mui.or.id/wp-content/uploads/files/fatwa/Fatwa-Air-Daur-Ulang.pdf/ (31 Mei 2023).
Buku:
al-Alba>ni>, Muhammad Na>s}ir al-Din. D}ai>f al-Ja>mi’ al-S}agi>r wa Ziya>datuhu. t.t. al-Maktabah al-Isla>mi>, t.th.
al-Bagda>di>, Abu> al-Hasan Ibnu al-Qas}ar Ali ibn Umar ibn Ahmad. ‘Uyu>n al-Ad’illah fi> Masa>il al-Khila>f Baina Fuqaha>’ al-Ams}a>r. Riyad: Maktabah al-Malik Fahd al-Wat}aniyyah, 1426 H/2006 M.
Ibn Ba>z, ‘Abd al-Azi>z ibn Abd’illah. Majmu>’ Fata>wa> wa Maqa>la>t Mutanawwi’ah. Cet. I; Riyad: Da>r al-Qa>sim, 1420 H.
al-Buhu>ti>, Mans}u>r ibn Yu>nus ibn Idri>s. Kisya>f al-Qina>’ ‘an Matan al-Iqna>’. Riyad: Maktabah al-Nas{r al-Hadi>s|ah, 1388 H\/1968 M.
al-Bukha>ri, Muhammad ibn Isma’i>l ibn Ibrahim ibn al-Mugi>rah ibn Bardizbah. S}ah}i>h} al-Bukha>ri>. Bulaq: al-Sult}a>ni>yah, 1311 H.
al-Damsyiqi>, Ibnu Qayyim al-Jauziyyah Muhammad ibn Abi> Bakr ibn Ayyu>b ibn Sa’ad. Tahz|i>b al-Sunan. Cet. I; Riyad: Maktabah al-Ma’a>rif li al-Nasyri wa al-Tauzi>’, 1428 H/2007 M.
al-Fauza>n, Abdullah ibn Sa>lih. Minhah al-‘Alla>m fi> Syarh}i Bulu>g al-Mara>m. Cet. I; t.t. Da>r Ibni al-Jauzi> li al-Nasyri wa al-Tauzi>’, 1427 H.
al-Ha>ris}i>, ‘A>id{ ibn Fadgu>sy ibn Jaza>’. Ikhtiya>ra>t Syaikh al-Isla>m ibn Taimiyah al-Fiqhi>yah. Cet. I; Riyad: Da>r Kunu>z Isybi>liya> li al-Nasyri wa al-Tauzi>’ 1430 H/2009 M.
al-Husaini>, Muhammad Siddiq Kha>n ibn Hasan ibn ‘Ali> ibn Lut}fullah. al-Raud}ah al-Nadiyyah Syarhu al-Durur al-Bahiyya. t.t. Da>r al-Ma’rifah, t.th.
Kementerian Agama R.I. Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahnya. Jakarta: Lajnah Pentashihan Mushaf Al- Qur’an, 2020 M.
Ibn Ma>jah, Muhammad ibn Yazi>d. Sunan Ibni Ma>jah. Kairo: Da>r ih}ya>I al-Kutub al-‘Arabi>yah, 1313 H.
al-Maqdisi>, Abu> Muhammad Abdullah ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Quda>mah. al-Mugni>. Cet. III; Riyad: Da>r ‘A>lim al-Kutub li al-T}aba>’ah wa al-Nasyru wa al-Tauzi>’, 1417 H/1997 M.
Ibn Muhammad, ‘Abd al-Az}im ibn Badawi>. al-Waji>z fi> Fiqh al-Sunnah wa al-Kita>b al-‘Azi>z. Cet. III; Mesir; Da>r Ibni Rajab, 1421 H/2001 M.
al-Naisabu>ri, Abu> al-Husain Muslim ibn al-Hajja>j al-Qusyairi>. S}ah}ih} Muslim. Kairo: Mat}bu’ah’I>sa> al-Ba>bi> al-Halbi> wa Syirka>hu, 1374 H.
al-Naisabu>ri>, Muhammad ibn Ibra>him ibn Munz|ir. al-Ijma’. Cet. I; t.t. Da>r al-Muslim, 1425 H/2004 M.
al-Namari>, Abu> Umar Yu>suf ibn Abd’illah ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Ba>r ibn A>s}im. al-Tamhi>d li ma> fi> al-Muwat}t}a min al-Ma’a>ni> wa al-Asa>ni>d. Maroko: Wiza>rah ‘Umu>m al-Awqa>f wa al-Syuu>n al-Isla>miyyah, 1387 H.
Nasir, Mohammad. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif. Cet. III; Bandung: Erlangga, 2012 M.
al-Nawawi>, Abu Zakariyya Yahya ibn Syaraf. al-Majmu’ Syarh{u al-Muh{az|z|ab. Kairo: Ida>rah al-T}aba’ah al-Muni>ri>yah, 1344 H.
Noor, Juliansyah. Metodologi Penelitian. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Grup, 2011 M.
al-Ru>fi>’i, Abu> al-Fad}l Muhammad ibn Mukrim ibn Ali ibn Manz}u>r al-Ans}ari>. Lisa>nu al-‘Arab. Cet. III; Beirut: Da>r S}a>dir, 1414 H.
Ibn Rusyd, Muhammad ibn Ahmad. Bidāyah al-Mujtahid wa Nihāyah al-Muqtas||}id. Kairo: Da>r al-Hadi>s|, 2004 M.
al-Sijistani>, Abu> Da>wud Sulaima>n ibn al-Asy’as| al-Azdi>. Sunan Abi> Da>wud. Cet. I; Beirut: al-Maktabah al-‘Asriyah, t. th.
Sa>biq, Sayyid. Fiqhu al-Sunnah. Cet. III; Beirut: Da>r al-Kita>b al-‘Arabi>, 1397 H/1977 M.
Suryabrata, dan Sumadi. Metodologi Penelitian. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2014 M.
al-Sya>fi’i>, Muhammad ibn Idris ibn al-Abba>s. Ikhtila>f al-Hadi>s|, Juz 8. Cet. II; Beirut: Da>r al-Fikr, 1403 H/1983 M.
al-Syafi’i>, Muhammad ibn Idris. al-Umm. Cet. II; Beirut: Da>r al-Fikri, 1403 H/1983 M.
al-Syarbi>ni>, Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Khathīb. Mugḥni> al-Muhta>j ilā Ma’rifah Alfaẓ al-Minhāj. t.t. Da>r al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah, 1415 H.
Ibn Taimiyah, Ahmad ibn ‘Abd al-Hali>m, Majmu>’ al-Fata>wa> . Cet. III; Madinah: Mujma’ al-Malik Fahd li T}a}ba>’ah al-Musha>f al-Syari>f, 1425 H/2004 M.
Ibn Taimiyah, Ahmad ibn ‘Abd al-Hali>m. Mukhtas}ar al-Fata>wa> al-Mis}riyyah. Beirut: Da>r al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1405 H/1985 M.
Ibn Taimiyah, Ahmad ibn ‘Abd al-Hali>m. Syarhu> al-‘Umdah fi> al-Fiqh Kita>b al-T}aha>rah. Cet I; Riyad: Maktabah al-‘Abi>ka>n, 1412 H.
al-Tirmiz|i>, Muhammad ibn I>sa>. Sunan al-Tirmiz|i>. Cet. II; Mesir: Syirkah Maktabah wa Mat}ba’ah Mus}t}afa> al-Ba>bi> al-Halbi>, 1395 H.
al-‘Us|aimin, Muhammad ibn Sa>lih. al-Syarhu al-Mumti’ ‘ala Za>di al-Mustaqni’. Cet. I; t.t. Da>r Ibnul Jauzi>, 1422 H.
al-Zuh}aili>, Muhammad. al-Mu’tamad fi > al-Fiqhi al-Sya>fi’i>. Cet. III; Damaskus: Da>r al-Qalam, 1432 H/2011 M.
al-Zuh}aili>, Wahbah. al-Fiqh al-Islāmi> wa Adillatuhū. Cet. IV; Damaskus: Da>r al-Fikr, 1425 H/2005 M.
Jurnal Ilmiah:
Busyro dan Saiful Amin. “Kedudukan Bak Pencuci Kaki Sebelum Masuk dan Keluar Tempat Berwudhuk Dalam Tinjauan Fiqh Ibadah”, ALHURRIYAH: Jurnal Hukum Islam 03, no.1 (2018); h. 1-12.
Djafry, Muhammad Taufan. "Tinjauan Klasik-Modern Hukum Islam terhadap Air", NUKHBATUL'ULUM: Jurnal Bidang Kajian Islam 3.1 (2017): h. 42-49.
al-H{assa>wi>, Sa>lih{ ibn Suwailih} ibn S{a>lih{. "Mula>qah al-Ma>’ al-Qali>l li al-Naja>sah Dira>sah Fiqhiyyah Muqa>ranah”, Majallah Kuliyah al-Syari>’ah wa al-Qanu>n Tafahhanah al-Asyraf 21, no. 6 (2019): h. 4309-4334.
Wibisana, Wahyu. “Hukum Penggunaan Air Limbah Daur Ulang untuk Bersuci”, Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam-Ta’lim 12, no.1 (2014): h. 69-77.
Disertasi, Tesis, Skripsi:
Razak, ‘Abd “Redefinisi Air Mutlak (Kajian Komparatif terhadap Fiqh Klasik dan Fiqh Modern)”. Disertasi. Banda Aceh: PPs UIN Ar-Raniry Darussalam, 2021.
Situs dan Sumber Online:
al-‘Atmuni>, Abu> Mu’az| ‘Abd al-Rab al-S}alih}i>n Abu> D}aifi. al-Ma>u al-Najas wa Ba’d}u ma Yata’allaqu bihi> min Ahka>m.
المالماء النجس وبعض ما يتعلق به من أحكام (PDF) (alukah.net) (21 Mei 2023).
Komisi Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI), “Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor: 02 Tahun 2010 Tentang Air Daur Ulang”. Situs Resmi MUI. https://mui.or.id/wp-content/uploads/files/fatwa/Fatwa-Air-Daur-Ulang.pdf/ (31 Mei 2023).
Published
2023-11-27
Statistic
Viewed: 287
Downloaded: 1250
How to Cite
Alfurqan, Sepmin, Rustam Efendi, and Ridwan Ridwan. 2023. “Batasan Kadar Dua Kulah Sebagai Standar Kesucian Air Menurut Imam Syafii Dan Ibnu Taimiyah”. AL-QIBLAH: Jurnal Studi Islam Dan Bahasa Arab 2 (5), 513-37. https://doi.org/10.36701/qiblah.v2i5.1128.
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2023 Sepmin Alfurqan, Rustam Efendi, Ridwan Ridwan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
FOCUS AND SCOPE
EDITORIAL TEAM
