Aplikasi Kaidah Ma'rifah dan Nakirah dalam Penafsiran Q.S. Al-Insyirāh (94): Kajian Qawaid Tafsir
Application of Ma'rifah and Nakirah Rules in the Interpretation of Q.S. Al-Insyirāh (94): A Study of Qawaid Tafsir
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36701/qiblah.v5i5.3461Keywords:
Al-Insyirāh, I’jaz Lughawi, Ma’rifah, Nakirah, Qawa’id al-TafsirAbstract
This article examines the use of ism maʿrifah (definite nouns) and nakirah (indefinite nouns) in Q.S. Al-Insyirāh (94) and their implications for the interpretation of its verses. This study employs a qualitative library research approach with a linguistic-tafsir analysis method (al-tafsīr al-lughawī). The findings reveal that Q.S. Al-Insyirāh exhibits a highly systematic pattern in its use of maʿrifah and nakirah. All definite nouns in this surah ṣadraka, wizraka, ẓahraka, ẓikraka, and al-ʻusr consistently function to express specificity (takhṣīṣ), certainty (taqrīr), and the concretization of divine favors personally directed at the Prophet Muhammad saw. Meanwhile, the word yusr, appearing twice in indefinite form, denotes two distinct forms of ease accompanying a single difficulty, giving rise to the well-known exegetical principle: al-ʻusr wāḥid wa al-yusr iṭnān (difficulty is one, while ease is twofold). The implications of this rule for Qurʼānic interpretation encompass three main functions: taqrīr al-yaqīn (reinforcing certainty), taʿzīz al-rajāʼ (strengthening hope), and bināʼ al-tawāzun al-ʿaqadī (constructing theological balance). This study demonstrates that the maʿrifah-nakirah analysis is a productive exegetical instrument capable of uncovering layers of Qurʼānic meaning inaccessible through literal reading alone.
Downloads
References
Abdul Mustaqim. Metode Penelitian Al-Qur’an dan Tafsir. Yogyakarta: Idea Press, 2015.
Aḥmad al-Hāsyimī. Jawāhir al-Balāghah fī al-Ma‘ānī wa al-Bayān wa al-Badī‘. Taḥqīq Yūsuf al-Ṣumaylī. Beirut: al-Maktabah al-‘Aṣriyyah, t.t.
Aḥmad Faqihudin. “Kedudukan dan Fungsi Kaidah Tafsir dalam Penafsiran Al-Qur’an.” Ulumul Qur’an: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Al-Qur’an dan Tafsir 1, no. 1 (2021): 88–89. https://doi.org/10.58404/uq.v1i1.15.
Abū al-Qāsim Maḥmūd ibn ‘Umar al-Zamakhsyarī. Al-Kashshāf ‘an Ḥaqā’iq Ghawāmiḍ al-Tanzīl. Juz IV. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-‘Arabī, 1407 H.
Badr al-Dīn al-Zarkashī. Al-Burhān fī ‘Ulūm al-Qur’ān. Juz II. Kairo: Dār al-Turāṡ, 1984.
Badr al-Dīn al-Zarkashī. Al-Burhān fī ‘Ulūm al-Qur’ān. Jil. 2. Beirut: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Kutub al-‘Arabiyyah, 1957.
Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī. Mafātīḥ al-Gaib (al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr). Juz XXXII. Beirut: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāṡ al-‘Arabī, 1420 H/1999 M.
Husaini Nasution dan Alwizar. “Kaidah Bahasa Arab dalam Menafsirkan Al-Qur’an.” Hamalatul Qur’an: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Qur’an 5, no. 2 (2024): 203. https://doi.org/10.37985/hq.v5i2.335.
Ibn Hishām al-Anṣārī. Mughnī al-Labīb ‘an Kutub al-A‘ārīb. Taḥqīq Māzin al-Mubārak dan Muḥammad ‘Alī Ḥamd Allāh. Damaskus: Dār al-Fikr, 1985.
Ibn Hishām al-Anṣārī. Mughnī al-Labīb ‘an Kutub al-A‘ārīb. Taḥqīq Muḥammad Muḥyī al-Dīn ‘Abd al-Ḥamīd. Damaskus: Dār al-Fikr, t.t.
Ismā‘īl ibn ‘Umar Ibn Kaṡīr al-Dimashqī. Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-‘Aẓīm. Jil. 8. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, t.t.
Ismā‘īl ibn ‘Umar Ibn Kathīr. Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-‘Aẓīm. Juz VIII. Riyadh: Dār Ṭayyibah li al-Nasyr wa al-Tauzī‘, 1999.
Ismā‘īl ibn ‘Umar Ibn Kathīr. Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-‘Aẓīm. Juz VII. Riyadh: Dār Ṭayyibah li al-Nasyr wa al-Tauzī‘, 1999.
Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī. Al-Itqān fī ‘Ulūm al-Qur’ān. Juz II. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 2010.
Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī. Al-Itqān fī ‘Ulūm al-Qur’ān. Juz II. Beirut: Dār al-Ḥadīth, 2004.
Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī. Al-Itqān fī ‘Ulūm al-Qur’ān. Ed. Muḥammad Abū al-Faḍl Ibrāhīm. Jil. 1. Kairo: al-Hay’ah al-Miṣriyyah al-‘Āmmah li al-Kitāb, 1974.
Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī. Al-Itqān fī ‘Ulūm al-Qur’ān. Ed. Muḥammad Abū al-Faḍl Ibrāhīm. Jil. 2. Kairo: al-Hay’ah al-Miṣriyyah al-‘Āmmah li al-Kitāb, 1974.
Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia. Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahnya. Jakarta: Yayasan Penyelenggara/Penerjemah Al-Qur’an, 2019.
Mannā‘ al-Qaṭṭān. Mabāḥith fī ‘Ulūm al-Qur’ān. Kairo: Maktabah Wahbah, 2000.
Muḥammad al-Ṭāhir Ibn ‘Āsyūr. Al-Taḥrīr wa al-Tanwīr. Juz XXX. Tunis: al-Dār al-Tūnisiyyah li al-Nashr, 1984.
Muḥammad ibn ‘Abdillāh al-Ḥākim al-Naisābūrī. Al-Mustadrak ‘alā al-Ṣaḥīḥain. Juz II. Ed. Muṣṭafā ‘Abd al-Qādir ‘Aṭā. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1990.
Muḥammad ibn Jarīr al-Ṭabarī. Jāmi‘ al-Bayān ‘an Ta’wīl Āy al-Qur’ān. Juz XXIV. Beirut: Mu’assasah al-Risālah, 2000.
Muṣṭafā al-Galāyīnī. Jāmi‘ al-Durūs al-‘Arabiyyah. Juz I. Beirut: al-Maktabah al-‘Aṣriyyah, 1993.
Nashruddin Baidan. Wawasan Baru Ilmu Tafsir. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2011.
Rahmat Dani, Kadar M. Yusuf, dan Alwizar. “Kaidah-Kaidah Kebahasaan dan Aplikasinya dalam Menafsirkan Al-Qur’an.” Al-Jadwa: Jurnal Studi Islam 3, no. 1 (2023): 45–61. https://doi.org/10.38073/aljadwa.v3i1.1087.
Saddal Jannah. “Hukum dan Kedudukan Nakirah dan Makrifah dalam Al-Qur’an.” Al-Muallaqat 1, no. 1 (2021): 29–37.
Somantri, Hanafi, dan Alwizar. “Kaidah Ism Ma‘rifah dan Nakirah dalam Penafsiran Al-Qur’an.” 112–130.
Yusnan Setiawan dan Muhammad Rokim. “Surat Al-Insyirah dalam Perspektif Nakirah dan Ma‘rifah.” Ta’lim Diniyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam 2, no. 1 (2022): 111–120.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Mardiani Mardiani, Andi Miswar, Hamka Ilyas, Misdah Misdah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
FOCUS AND SCOPE
EDITORIAL TEAM
