Hukum Haji Bagi Narapidana (Studi Analisis Fatwa MUI NO. 1 Tahun 2001)

The Legal Ruling on Hajj for Prisoners: A Study of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) Fatwa No. 1 of 2001

Authors

  • Muhammad Agil Athian Institut Agama Islam STIBA Makassar, Indonesia
  • Syandri Institut Agama Islam STIBA Makassar, Indonesia
  • Taufik Pelu Institut Agama Islam STIBA Makassar, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36701/mabsuth.v2i2.2492

Keywords:

MUI, Fatwa, Hajj, Prisoners, Istiṭa‘ah

Abstract

The Hajj pilgrimage is the fifth pillar of Islam, obligatory for every Muslim who has the ability (istiṭa’ah). However, this obligation presents a legal dilemma for prisoners, who are legally deprived of their freedom of movement even though their right to religion is guaranteed by law. This condition raises questions about the status of their istiṭa’ah. The Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) issued Fatwa No. 1 of 2001 as a guide to address this issue. This research aims to determine the legal ruling on Hajj for prisoners, analyze the legal determination method used by MUI, and analyze the substance of the fatwa. This study uses a normative legal research method with a library research approach. Primary and secondary data were analyzed using a conceptual approach and deductive method. The results show that a prisoner who is financially capable is considered to have met the istiṭa’ah requirement in terms of wealth. Due to being legally barred from traveling, they are obliged to perform Hajj through a proxy mechanism (istināba or haji badal), especially if it is strongly presumed that they will not have the opportunity to perform Hajj themselves after release. MUI established this fatwa through ijtihad jamā‘i using the methods of qiyās (analogizing prisoners to the sick/elderly), tarjīḥ (selecting the opinion of the Shafi'i and Hambali schools of thought), and considering Maqāṣid al-Sharī'ah. The theoretical implication of this research enriches the discourse on contemporary Islamic jurisprudence. Practically, this study recommends that the government formulate technical regulations for the implementation of proxy Hajj for prisoners and strengthen religious guidance programs in correctional facilities.

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Published

2026-03-06