Implementasi Kaidah Mā Ubīḥa li al-Ḍarūrati Yuqaddaru bi Qadrihā Pada Masalah Melihat Aurat Sesama Wanita
The Implementation of the Rule of Mā Ubīḥa lī al-Ḍarurāti Yuqaddaru bi Qadrihā on the Issue of Looking at the Veil of Female Companions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36701/mabsuth.v2i1.2562Keywords:
Rules, aurat, womenAbstract
This study examines the application of the fiqh maxim mā ubīḥa li al-ḍarūrati yuqaddaru bi qadrihā (“that which is permitted due to necessity is limited to the extent of the necessity”) in the context of exposing the ‘awrah among women. The maxim underscores that prohibitions may be relaxed under conditions of necessity, yet such concessions must remain strictly confined to genuine needs. The purpose of this research is to identify the boundaries of ‘awrah between women and to analyze the implementation of the maxim in contemporary social phenomena involving the exposure of women’s ‘awrah. Employing a qualitative descriptive method with normative and comparative approaches, the study draws on primary and secondary sources through library research. The findings reveal scholarly differences concerning the limits of ‘awrah among women, both Muslim and non-Muslim, with emphasis on caution and protection from potential fitnah. The application of the maxim to modern practices such as spa treatments, massages, and body scrubs shows that these do not qualify as emergencies, as they are unrelated to life-threatening circumstances. Based on the six established conditions of necessity, the exposure of ‘awrah in these services does not fulfill the criteria, given the absence of grave danger, the availability of safe alternatives, and the tendency toward excess. Therefore, such practices are deemed impermissible in Islamic jurisprudence. This study contributes to the understanding of fiqh maxims by clarifying their relevance in addressing contemporary issues while reinforcing the importance of adhering to shar‘i limits.
Downloads
References
Al-Qur’ān al-Karīm
Buku:
A.Suharsimi. Metodologi Penelitian. Cet.I; Yogyakarta: Bina Aksara, 2006.
Abū Ḥabīb, Sa’di. Al-Qāmūs Al-Fiqhī Lugatan Wa Iṣṭilāḥan. Cet. II. Damaskus: Dār al-Fikr, 1988.
‘Ābidīn, Ibn. Radd al-Muḥtār ‘alā al-Durr al-Mukhtār. Juz 6. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
Aḥmad, Al-Khalīl bin. Kitab al-‘Aīn. Cairo: Dār wa Maktabah al-Hilāl, 2010.
Aḥmad, Abū al-Ḥusain. Mu‘jam Maqāyīs al-Lughah. Juz 4. Cet. II. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
Al-‘Abdari. al-Tāj wa al-’Iklīl li Mukhtaṣar Khalīl. Juz 2. Cet. I. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1994.
Al-‘Arabī, Ibnu. Aḥkām al-Qur’ān. Juz 3. Cet. III. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 2003.
al-‘Aṡqalānī, Ibnu Hajar. Fatḥ al-Bārī bi Syarḥ al-Bukhārī. Juz 10. Cet. I; Mesir: al-Maktabah al-Salafiyyah.
al-Baghawī, Abū Muḥammad. Tafsīr al-Baghawī. Juz 3. Cet.IV; Riyad: Dār Ṭayyibah, 1997.
Al-Būrnū, Muḥammad Ṣidqī. Mawsū‘at al-Qawā‘id al-Fiqhiyyah. Juz 5. Cet. I. Bayrūt: Mu’assasat al-Risālah, 2003.
Al-Dasuqī. Ḥāsyiyah al-Dasuqī ‘alā al-Syarḥ al-Kabīr. Juz 1. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
Al-Dubyān, Dubyān. Wasūʿat Aḥkām al-Ṭahārah. juz 11. Cet. II. Riyad: Maktabah Rusyd, 2005.
Al-Ḥajjāj, Muslim bin. Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. Juz 1 & Juz 3. Cairo: Muṡṭafā al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, 1955.
Al-Haythamī, Ibnu Ḥajar. Tuḥfat al-Muḥtāj fī Sharḥ al-Minhāj, Juz 7. Beirut: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāṡ.
Al-Ḥuṣnī. Kifāyah al-Akhyār fī Ḥall Ghāyah al-Ikhtiṣār. Cet. I. Damaskus: Dār al-Khayr, 1994.
Al-Ḥuṣnī, Taqīuddīn. al-Qawā‘id, Juz 1. Cet.I; Saudi Arabiah: Maktabat al-Rusyd, 1996.
Al-Kāsānī. Badā’i‘ al-Ṣanā’i‘ fī Tartīb al-Syarā’i‘. Juz 5. Cet. I. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Al-Lajnah al-Dā’imah lil-Buḥūṡ al-‘Ilmiyyah wa al-Iftā’. Fatāwā al-Lajnah al-Dā’imah – al-Majmū‘ah al-’Ulā. Juz 17. Riyad: Ri’āsat Idārat al-Buḥūṡ al-‘Ilmiyyah wa al-Iftā’, 1996.
Al-Nawawī. al-Minhāj fī Syarḥ Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim bin al-Ḥajjāj. Juz 4. Cet. II. Beirut: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāṡ.
Al-Qaṭṭān, Ibn. Iḥkām al-Naẓar fī Aḥkām al-Naẓar bi Ḥāssat al-Baṣar. Cet. I. Damaskus: Dār al-Qalam, 2012.
Al-Rāzī, Zaynuddīn. Mukhtār al-Ṣiḥāḥ. Cet. V. Beirut: Dār al-Namūżajiyyah, 1999.
Al-Sa‘dī, ‘Abdurraḥmān. Taysīr al-Karīm al-Raḥmān fī Tafsīr Kalām al-Mannān. Cet.I. Beirut: Mu’assasah al-Risālah, 2000.
Al-Sadlān, Ṣāliḥ. Al-Qawāʿid al-Fiqhiyyah al-Kubrā wa Mā Tafarraʿa ʿAnhā. Cet. I. Riyad: Dār Balansiyyah, 1997.
Al-Sarkasī. al-Mabsūṭ. Juz 1 & Juz 10. Mesir: al-Sa´adah.
Al-Syāfi‘ī. al-Umm li al-Syāfi‘ī. Juz 1 & Juz 2. Cet. II. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1990.
Al-Subkī, Tājuddīn. al-Asybāh wa al-Naẓāʾir. Juz 1. Cet. I. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1991.
Al-Ṭabarī, Abū Ja’far Muhammad bin Jarīr. Tafsīr al-Ṭabarī: Jāmi’ al-Bayān fī Ta’wīl al-Qur`ān. Juz 17. Cet. I. Cairo: Dār Hijr, 2001.
Al-Ṭaḥāwī. Mukhtaṣar Ikhtilāf al-‘Ulamā’. Juz 2. Cet. II. Beirut: Dār al-Bashā’ir al-Islāmiyyah, 1996.
Al-Tahfidz, Ahsin W. Kamus Ilmu al-Qur’an. Jakarta: Penerbit Amzah, 2006.
Al-Ṭarīfī, ‘Abd al-‘Azīz. al-Tafsīr wa al-Bayān li Aḥkām al-Qur’ān. juz 3. Cet. I. Riyad: Dār al-Minhāj, 1438 H.
Al-Tirmidhī. al-Jāmi‘ al-Kabīr Sunan at-Tirmidhī. Juz 1. Cet. I. Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī, 1996.
Al-Zarkasyī. al-Manṡūr fī al-Qawā‘id al-Fiqhiyyah. Juz 2. Cet. II. Kuwait: Wizārat al-Awqāf, 1985.
Al-Zarqā, Aḥmad. Syarḥ al-Qawā‘id al-Fiqhiyyah. Cet. II. Damaskus: Dār al-Qalam, 1989.
Al-Zuḥaylī, Wahbah. al-Fiqh al-Islāmī wa Adillatuh. Juz 4. Cet. IV. Damaskus: Dār al-Fikr.
Bukhārī, Muḥammad bin Ismā‘īl. Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Juz 2 & Juz 3. Cet. I. Beirut: Dār Ṭauq al-Najāh, 2001.
Ḥazm, Ibn. al-Muḥallā bi al-Āthār. Juz 9. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1988.
Ibnu Taymiyyah, Syaikh al-Islām. Majmū‘al-Fatāwā. Juz 26. Saudi Arabia: Majma‘ al-Malik Fahd, 2004.
Kaṡīr, Ibnu. Tafsīr Ibnu Kaṡīr. Juz 6. Cet.I; Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1998.
Mālik. al-Muwaṭṭa’. Juz 2. Beirut: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī, 1985.
Muhammad, Abdul Kadir. Hukum Dan Penelitian Hukum. Cet.I; Bandung: PT.Citra Aditya Bakti, 2004.
Muhammad, Muslim bin. al-Mumti‘ fī al-Qawā‘id al-Fiqhiyyah. Cet. I. Riyad: Dār Zidny, 2007.
Mun‘im, ‘Amrū ‘Abdul. Aḥkām al-‘Awrāt li all-Nisā’. Cet. I. Riyad: Maktabah al-Sawwādī, 1417 H.
Mustafa. fiqh maliki waadillatuh. Juz 1. Cairo: Dar Al-Salam, 2009.
Rahman, Sandi Sabar. Metode Pengolahan Data. Yogyakarta: Bina Aksara, 2023.
Salam, Burhanuddin. Logika Formal Filsafat Berpikir. Cet.I; Jakarta: Melton Putra, 1988.
Sugiyono. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif Dan Kombinasi (Mixed Methods). Bandung: Alfabeta, 2016.
Ṭanṭāwī, Muḥammad Sayyid. al-Tafsīr al-Wasīṭ lil-Qur’ān al-Karīm. Juz 4. Cet. I. Cairo: Dār Nahḍah, 1998.
‘Uṡaimīn, Ibnu. Majmū‘ Fatāwā wa Rasā’il Faḍīlat al-Shaykh Muḥammad bin Ṣāliḥ al-‘Uṡaimīn. Juz 12. Cet. I. Arab Saudi: Dār al-Ṡurayyā, 1998.
Qudāmah Ibnu. al-Mughni. Juz 9. Cet. I. Cairo: Maktabah Cairo, 1969.
Jurnal Ilmiah:
Adly, Muhammad Amar, dkk. “Qowaid Fiqhiyyah” Armada: Jurnal Penelitian Multidisiplin 2, no. 6 (2024).
Alfauzi, Ro’is. “The Dynamics Of Qawaid Fiqhiyyah: The Construction And Application In Islamic Law.” Al-Bayyinah: Jurnal of Islamic Law 4, no. 2 (2020).
Anton. “Qawaid Fiqihiyyah dan Peranannya dalam Pengembangan Hukum Islam” Jurnal Indragiri 2, no. 3 (2022).
Farida Aprianti, Rosmitaa, dan Rahma Alia BS. “Tinjauan Hukum Islam terhadap Penggunaan Voucer Gratis Ongkir di Shopeepay dalam Aplikasi Marketplace Shopee.” Jurnal al-Khiyar 4, no. 1 (2024).
Firdaus, Allail Meylda, dkk. “Persepsi Anggota Akhwat Lembaga Dakwah Universitas Islam Indonesia Terhadap Wanita Muslimah Yang Memperlihatkan Auratnya Kepada Wanita Non Muslim Periode 2021/2022.” At-Thullab : Jurnal Mahasiswa Studi Islam 5, no. 1 (2023).
Ibrira, Miftahul. “Penerapan Kaidah Mā Ubīḥa li al-Ḍarūrati Yuqaddaru bi Qadrihā pada Akad Mudharabah”. Jurnal: Sipakainge 2, no. 9 (2024).
Juwika, Frandita, dkk. “Penafsiran Ayat Tentang Berpakaian (Berhias)”. Akhlak: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam Dan Filsafat 2, no.1 (2025).
Majri, Athifa Khalisha, dkk. “Pentingnya Pendidikan Menjaga Aurat Antara Mahram dalam Islam” MARAS: Jurnal Penelitian Multidisiplin 2, no. 1 (2024).
Nasir, Abdul, dkk. “Pendekatan Fenomenologi Dalam Penelitian Kualitatif 1.” Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research 3, no. 5 (2023).
Purhasanah, Siti, dkk. “Kewajiban Menutup Aurat Dalam Perspektif Al-Quran” Al-Fahmu: Jurnal Ilmu al-Qur’an dan Tafsir 2, no. 1 (2023).
Purkon, Arip. “Batasan Aurat dalam Fikih Klasik dan Kontemporer”. Risalah, Jurnal Pendidikan dan Studi Islam 9, no. 3 (2023).
Rahman, Muhammad Gazali. “Aurat dan Busana; Analisis Sosiologi Hukum Islam.” Jurnal Al-Himayah 4, no. 1 (2023).
Sesse, Muhammad Sudirman. “‘Aurat Wanita Dan Hukum Menutupnya Menurut Hukum Islam” 9, no. 2 (2016).
Sugianto, Efendi. “Deskripsi Pengertian dan Penerapan Qawaid Al-Fiqhiyah” Jurnal Tausiyah 15, no. 2 (2020).
Disertasi, Tesis, Skripsi:
Izza, Dinda Nisaul. “Aurat Sesama Wanita (Analisis dan Pemetaan Interpretasi QS. al-Nūr/24:31)”. Skripsi. Jakarta: Fak. Ushuluddin UIN Syarif Hidayat, 2025.
Haikal, Muhammad. “Batasan Aurat Wanita Korelasi Antara Fikih, Pemahaman Ulama Dayah, Dan Praktik Masyarakat Aceh.” Disertasi. Banda Aceh: UIN Ar-Raniry, 2021.
Khanif, A. “Penafsiran Ayat-Ayat Tentang Aurat Wanita Dalam Al-Qur’an (Studi Komparatif dalam Tafsir Al-Azhar dan At-Tahrîr wa At-Tanwîr)” Tesis. Jakarta: Institut PTIQ, 2023.
Maryati, Pita. “Konsep Aurat Wanita dalam Q.S an-Nūr ayat 31 dan QS. al-Ahzāb ayat 59 (Studi Penafsiran Wahbah az-Zuhaily dalam Kitāb Tafsīr al-Munīr)”, Skripsi. Mataram: Fak. Ushuluddin dan Studi Agama UIN Mataram, 2022.
Wahab, Rifqa Ainun. “Metode Bimbingan Penyuluhan Islam Dalam Memberikan Motivasi Menutup Aurat Bagi Masyarakat di Kelurahan Mangasa Kecamatan Tamalate Kota Makassar”, Skripsi. Makassar: Fak. Dakwah dan Komunikasi UIN Alauddin, 2021.






