Implementasi Kaidah Fikih al-Ḍarūrah Tuqaddaru Biqadrihā dalam Mengkonsumsi Obat Penenang untuk Penderita Gangguan Mental
Application of the Islamic Legal Maxim al-Ḍarūrah Tuqaddaru Biqadrihā in the Consumption of Sedatives Among Patients with Mental Disorders
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36701/mabsuth.v2i1.2563Keywords:
Al-Ḍarūrah Tuqaddaru Biqadrihā, Islamic Legal Maxim, Mental Disorders, Sedatives, State of EmergencyAbstract
This study examines the increasingly complex issue of mental disorders, particularly panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder, alongside the rising use of sedatives, especially psychotropic drugs such as alprazolam and diazepam. According to Islamic law, emergency (ḍarūrah) conditions may justify the use of substances that are normally prohibited, including intoxicants. This research aims to identify the categories of panic disorder and GAD that qualify as emergency conditions and to analyze the permissible boundaries for consuming alprazolam and diazepam among patients with severe or very severe panic disorder and GAD, based on the Islamic legal maxim al-Ḍarūrah tuqaddaru biqadrihā (necessity is assessed according to its degree). This qualitative research uses a normative-descriptive approach and library research, drawing from classical and contemporary Islamic legal texts, psychiatric and medical references, scientific articles on anxiety disorders, and pharmacological studies on alprazolam and diazepam. The analysis combines the results of clinical assessments using instruments such as the PDSS and GAD-7 with Islamic jurisprudential principles related to emergency. The findings indicate that the use of these medications is permissible only when the patient is in a verified state of medical emergency, no effective halal alternative is available, the drugs are administered in limited doses and duration (no more than 12 weeks), and treatment is under strict medical supervision. This study contributes to the development of Islamic legal perspectives in mental health and provides guidance for healthcare professionals, scholars, and the Muslim community in understanding the lawful limits of psychotropic drug use.
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