دراسة تحليلية في مقاصد الشريعة حول ظاهرة الاستقلال المالي بوصفه آلية للحماية الذاتية للمرأة المسلمة في الحياة الزوجية
Analytical Study of Maqāṣid Al-Sharī'ah on the Phenomenon of Economic Independence as a Means of Self-Protection for Muslim Women in Marital Life
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36701/bashirah.v7i2.3646Keywords:
financial independence, maqāṣid al-sharī'ah, qiwāmah, self-defense mechanism, Muslim womenAbstract
Indonesian family law obliges husbands to provide financial support for their wives. However, the gap between this legal obligation and social reality, particularly the increasing incidence of economically motivated divorce, has led some Muslim women to adopt financial independence as a form of self-protection. This phenomenon raises questions about whether a wife’s financial independence conflicts with the husband’s qiwāmah. This study employs a qualitative normative-analytical approach through library research, drawing on classical and contemporary Islamic legal sources, fatwas, and relevant studies. It classifies women’s financial independence into three patterns: preventive financial independence, responsive financial independence, and the primary female breadwinner model. These patterns are assessed through a two-stage maqāṣid al-sharīʿah framework. The first stage examines their compatibility with ḥifẓ al-nafs, ḥifẓ al-nasl, and ḥifẓ al-māl. The second assesses compliance with two conditions: the husband’s continuing obligation to provide financial support and the lawful source of the wife’s income. The findings indicate that women’s financial independence may operate within functional qiwāmah when the husband’s economic role is absent, without displacing the husband’s legal qiwāmah. This framework offers a maqāṣid-based perspective for understanding women’s financial independence in contemporary Muslim families.
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