الجملة الإنشائية في اللغتين العربية والإندونيسية في ضوء التحليل التقابلي (جملة النهي مثالاً):

Rustam Koly

doi:10.36701/bashirah.v3i2.649

Rustam Koly Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Islam dan Bahasa Arab (STIBA) Makassar

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36701/bashirah.v3i2.649

Keywords: Prohibition, contrast, construction sentence, Indonesian language, Arabic language.

Abstract

This study aims to determine Arabic and Indonesian grammar in the form of prohibition sentences, by discussing the similarities and differences between them, after describing their respective grammars to find out where the difficulties of Indonesian students in learning Arabic, especially in prohibition sentences. This study uses a comparative research methodology through three research steps, namely: (1) to describe prohibited sentences in Arabic and Indonesian grammar; (2) collect the similarities and differences in the prohibition sentences in Arabic and Indonesian grammar; (3) predicting the difficulties of students in learning Arabic due to grammatical differences between Arabic and Indonesian. The results of this study indicate that the two languages have similarities in: 1) prohibition and its era, where the prohibition sentence in both languages is addressed to the interlocutor, for the present or future time; 2) the prohibition sentence using only one tool "لا", "don't"; 3) this prohibition tool is always before the prohibition sentence; 4) does not require adjustments between prohibition tools and prohibition sentences, both on the type and number of objects. The grammatical differences between these two languages lie in the breadth of Arabic in the variety of method and suitability in type (male or female), number, and personal (speaker, interlocutor and spoken to) where this is a difficulty for Indonesian students in learn Arabic.

References

`Abbās Ḥasan, al-Naḥw al-Wāfī, Dār al-Ma`ārif, al-Qāhirah, al-Ṭab`ah. 3

Abdul aziz dkk. Pedoman Umum Tata bahasa Indonesia. Cetakan Pertama, Jakarta, 2012

`Abd. al-Tawwāb, Ramaḍān, Fuṣūl fī Fiqh al-Lugah, Maktab al-Khānijī, al-Qāhirah, 1999

Abū al-`Abbās Muḥammad ibn Yazīd, al-Muqtaḍab, al-Mubrad, Taḥqīq Ḥasan Ḥamd, Dār al-Kutub al-`Ilmiyyah, Bairūt, 1999

`Amrū ibn `Uṡmān ibn Qanbar, al-Kitāb, Saibūyah, Taḥqīq wa Syarḥ `Abd al-Salām Muḥammad Hārūn, `Ālim al-Kutub, Bairūt, al-Ṭab`ah. 3; 1983

al-`Aṣīlī, `Abd al-Azīz ibn Ibrāhīm, Manāhij al-Baḥṡ fī al-Lugah al-Marḥaliyyah li Muta`allimī al-Lugāt al-Ajnabiyyah, Jāmiah al-Imām Muḥammad ibn Su`ūd al-Islāmiyyah, 2010

al-Azuhrī, Khālid ibn `Abdillāh, Syarḥ al-Taṣrīḥ `alā al-Tauḍīḥ, Taḥqīq Muḥammad Bāsyil `Uyūn al-Saud, Dār al-Kutub al-`Ilmiyyah, Bairūt

al-Anṣārī, ibn Hisyām, Jamāl al-Dīn `Abdullāh ibn Yūsuf, Syarḥ Syużūr al-Żahab fī Ma`rifah Kalām al-`Arab, Qaddam lah wa Waḍa` Hawāmisyah Imīl Ya`qūb, Dār al-Kutub al-`Ilmiyyah, Bairūt, al-Ṭab`ah. 3; 2004

Contrastive analysis: Error analysis and transformational genitive theory of second language learning, Prajapati, in IRAL., Vol, xix/2, May 1981

al-Daulī li al-Lugah al-`Arabiyyah bi `Unwān” Mustaqbil al-Lugah al-`Arabiyyah fī `Aṣr al-`Ūlimah (Baina al-Amal wa al-Ya’s), al-Mun`aqid fī Jāmi`ah Syarīf Hidāyah Allāh al-Islāmiyyah al-Ḥukūmiyyah, Jākartā- Indūnīsiyā, 9-12 Juli 2012

Djoko Kentjono dkk. Tata Bahasa Acuan Bahasa Indonesia Untuk Penutur Asing. Penerbit Widyasastra, Jakarta, 2010

Fitratullah, Muḥammad Rafīq, al-Naḥt fī al-Lugah al-`Arabiyyah wa al-Indūnīsiyyah (Dirāsah Taḥlīliyyah), Risālah Bakālūrīyūs, al-Jāmiah al-Islāmiyyah al-Ḥukūmiyyah Mālānaj-Indūnīsiyā, Kulliyah al-`Ulūm al-Insāniyyah wa al-Ṡaqāfiyyah, Qism al-Lugah al-`Arabiyyah wa Ādābihā, 2009

al-Gulāyīnī, Muṣṭafā. Jāmi` al-Darūs al-`Arabiyyah. (Mażīlī bī Baḥṡī al-Balāgah wa al-`Urūḍ), Taḥqīq `alā Sulaimān Syabārah, Muassasah al-Risālah Nāsyirūn, Bairūt, al-Ṭab`ah I, 2008.

Hayati, A.M. A Contrastive Analysis of English and persien stress. Papers and Studies in Contrastive Linguistics, vol. 32, Poznan, Adam Mickiewi C2, University Poznan, 1977

Ḥijāzī, Muḥammad Fahmī, Madkhal ilā `Ilm al-Lugah: al-Majallāt wa al-Ittijāhāt, Dār Qabā’ al-Ḥadīṡah, al-Qāhirah, al-Ṭab`ah IV; 2007

Ibn Hisyām al-Anṣārī, Jamāl al-Dīn `Abdullāh ibn Yūsuf ibn Aḥmad ibn `Abdullāh, Auḍaḥ al-Masālik ilā Alfiyah ibn Mālik, Qaddam lah wa Waḍa` Hawāmisyah Imīl Ya`qūb, Dār al-Kutub al-`Ilamiyyah, 2007.

Ibn Janī `Uṡmān, Abū al-Fath, al-Khaṣāiṣ, Taḥqīq Muḥammad `Alī al-Najjār, Dār al-Kutub al-Miṣriyyah, al-Qāhirah, al-Ṭab`ah, 1952

Ibn Ya`īsy, Badr al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn `Abdullāh, Syarḥ al-Mufaṣṣal, Qaddam lah wa Waḍa` Hawāmisyah Imīl Ya`qūb, Dār al-Kutub al-`Ilmiyyah, Bairūt, al-Ṭab`ah. 1; 2001

Ismail Hussein. Sejarah Pertumbuhan Bahasa Kebangsaan. Kuala Lumpur, 1981

In John H. Schumann & Nancy Stenson (editor). New Frontiers in second Language learning, Ronald Wardhaugh, The contrastive analysis hypothesis. Newbury House Publishers, Int. 1976

al-Istirābāżī, Muḥammadibn al-Ḥasan, Syarh al-Raḍī li Kāfiyah ibn al-Ḥajib, Dirāsah wa Taḥqīq Yaḥya Basyīr Miṣrī, Jāmiah al-Imām Muḥammad ibn Su`ūd al-Islāmiyyah, al-Qism al-Żānī, al-Ṭab`ah. 1; 1996

Jāsim, Jāsim al-`Utaibī, `Abdullāh ibn Muḥammad. Dirāsah Taqābiliyyah baina al-Lugah al-`Arabiyyah wa al-Indūnīsiyyah fī al-Ism al-Mauṣūl, baḥṡ Muqaddam ilā: al-Mu`tamir al-Daulī li al-Lugah al-`Arabiyyah bi `Unwān” Mustaqbil al-Lugah al-`Arabiyyah fī `Aṣr al-`Ūlimah (Baina al-Amal wa al-Ya’s), al-Mun`aqid fī Jāmi`ah Syarīf Hidāyah Allāh al-Islāmiyyah al-Ḥukūmiyyah, Jākartā- Indūnīsiyā, 9-12 Juli 2012

Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, Edisi ketiga, 2005

Lūbis, Tarkas. al-Taqābil baina al-Lugah al-`Arabiyyah wa al-Indūnīsiyyah. Majallah al-Lugah wa Ādābihā, Qism al-`Ulūm al-Insāniyyah wa al-Ṡaqāfih, al-Jāmi`ah al-Islāmiyyah al-Ḥukūmiyyah Mālānuj- Indūnīsiyā, 4, 2, Dīsmbīr, 2009, al-Raqm al-Tasalsalī al-Ma`yārī al-Daulī. 1693-4725

al-Mālikī, Muḥammad ibn `Abdullāh ibn Ṣuwailiḥ, al-Jumlah al-Ṭalibiyyah fī al-Qurān al-Karīm (Dirāsah Naḥwiyyah Naẓariyyah wa Naṭbiqiyyah), (84), Risālah Duktūrāh, fī Jāmi`ah Umm al-Qurā, 2010

Ma`rūf, Farīd. Al-Jumlah al-Fi`liyyah fī al-Lugah al-`Arabiyyah wa fī al-Lugah al-Indūnīsiyyah. Risālah Bakālūrīyūs, Jāmiah Syarīf Hidāyah Allāh al-Islāmiyyah al-Ḥukūmiyyah Jakarta-Indūnīsiyā, Kulliyah al-Adab wa al-`Ulūm al-Insāniyyah, Qism al-Lugah al-`Arabiyyah wa Ādābihā, 2010

Masnur Muslich, Refika Aditama. Garis-Garis Besar Tatabahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia. Cetakan kesatu, 2010

Muin, Abdul. Analisis Kontrastif Bahasa Arab & Bahasa Indonesia (Telaah Terhadap Fonetik dan Marfologi). Pustaka Al Husna Baru, Jakarta 2004

Nik Sapiah Karim dkk. Tatabahasa Dewan. Kuala Lumpur, 1993

al-Rājiḥī, `Abdah, al-Taṭbīq al-Naḥwī, Maktabah al-Ma`ārif lī al-Nasyar wa al-Tauzī`, al-Riyāḍ, al-Ṭab`ah I, 1999

al-Rājiḥī, `Abduh, `Ilm al-Lugah al-Taṭbīqī wa Ta`līm al-`Arabiyyah, Dār al-Ma`rifah al-Jāmi`ah, Iskandariyyah, 1990

Ṣīnī, Ismā`iīl, wa Muḥammad al-Amīn, Isḥāq, al-Taqābil al-Lugawī wa Taḥlīl al-Akhṭā’, `Imādah Syuūn al-Maktabāt, Jāmi`ah al-Malik Su`ūd, al-Riyāḍ, 1982

Ṣubḥī Ṣāliḥ, Dirāsāt fī Figh al-Lugah, Dār al-`Ilm al-Malāyīn: Bairūt, 1980

Umm Sa`ādah. Iḍāfah al-Zawāid fī al-Lugah al-`Arabiyyah wa al-Indūnīsiyyah (Dirāsah Taḥlīliyyah al-Taqābiliyyah). Risālah Bakālūrīyūs, al-Jāmi`ah al-Islāmiyyah al-Ḥukūmiyyah Mālānuj- Indūnīsiyā, Kulliyyah al-Insāniyyah wa al-Ṡaqāfiyyah, Qism al-Lugah al-`Arabiyyah wa Ādābihā, 2007

Wisnu Sujianto dan Dwi Haryanti. Rangkuman Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia

al-Zarkasyī, Taḥqīq Muḥammad Abū al-Faḍl Ibrāhīm, al-Burhān fī `Ulūm al-Qur`ān, Dār al-Ma`rifī, Bairūt, al-Ṭab`ah II