Perceraian dan Penguatan Hak-hak Perempuan: Reformasi Hukum Keluarga di Mesir, Indonesia dan Pakistan
Divorce and Strengthening Women's Rights: Family Law Reform in Egypt, Indonesia and Pakistan
Keywords:
Islamic Family Law Reform, divorce, Women's Rights
Abstract
One of the motives for family law reform in the Islamic world is to strengthen the rights of women who tend to be discriminated against and subordinated. Egypt introduced its first family law reform by passing Laws No.25 of 1920 and 1929. Pakistan, through the Muslim Family Law Ordinance of 1961, regulates the issue of divorce and guarantees women's rights in it. Meanwhile, in Indonesia the rules regarding divorce are contained in the 1974 Marriage Law and the Compilation of Islamic Law. This article reviews the development of family law in Egypt, Indonesia and Pakistan, highlights the approaches and methods used in reform, and explores the extent to which family law reforms strengthen women's rights, especially in the field of divorce. The method used in this article is a literature study, by collecting secondary data from relevant literature and then describing it. The findings of the study show that family law reforms in Egypt, Indonesia and Pakistan use intra-doctrinal reform and extra-doctrinal reform approaches. Substantively, the reforms have strengthened women's rights in at least two aspects: first, the limitation of the husband's right to divorce, and second, the expansion of women's access to apply for divorce. Although subtantively the law has strengthened women's rights, in practice divorce and its settlement in the three countries still leave problems and sometimes harm women.
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———. “Women’s Financial Rights after Divorce in Indonesia.” Dalam Women and Property Rights in Indonesian Islamic Legal Contexts, disunting oleh John Bowen dan Arskal Salim, 89–106. BRILL, 2018. doi:10.1163/9789004386297_007.
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Ahmed, Nausheen, dan Elisa Giunchi. “Family Law in Pakistan: Using the secular to influence the religious.” Dalam Adjudicating family law in Muslim courts. Durham modern Middle East and Islamic world series. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York: Routledge, 2014.
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———. “Divorce in Egypt: Between Law in The Books and Law in Acrtion.” Dalam Changing God’s law: the dynamics of Middle Eastern family law, disunting oleh Nadjma Yassari. Islamic law in context. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY: Routledge, 2016.
Bintania, Aris. Hukum acara peradilan agama dalam kerangka fiqh al-Qadha. Cet. 1. Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada, 2012.
Burhanusyihab, Agung, dan KM Al Fathur Ikhsan. “Perceraian Dan Akibat Hukumnya Di Negara Muslim:” As-Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga 5, no. 3 (3 Februari 2023): 637–58. doi:10.47467/as.v5i3.2840.
Butt, Simon, dan Timothy Lindsey. Indonesian Law. Oxford: Oxford university press, 2018.
Cahyani, Andi Intan. “Peradilan Agama Sebagai Penegak Hukum Islam Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Al-Qadau: Peradilan Dan Hukum Keluarga Islam 6, no. 1 (30 Juni 2019): 119–32. doi:10.24252/al-qadau.v6i1.9483.
Fitri, Wilda. “Problematika Kodifikasi Hukum Keluarga Pada Masa Modern.” Sakena : Jurnal Hukum Keluarga 7, no. 2 (2022): 182–93.
Ghani, Riazul Hasan. “A Note on Islamic Family Law and Islamization in Pakistan.” Dalam Islamic Family Law, disunting oleh Chibilli Mallat dan Jane Connors. Arab and Islamic laws series. London ; Boston: Graham & Trotman, 1990.
Habudin, Ihab. “Menimbang Metode Tematik-Holistik Dalam Pembaruan Hukum Keluarga Muslim (Telaah Pemikiran Khoiruddin Nasution).” Al-Ahwal: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam 8, no. 1 (14 Juni 2015): 49–62. doi:10.14421/ahwal.2015.08104.
Hammad, Muchammad. “HAK-HAK PEREMPUAN PASCA PERCERAIAN: Nafkah Iddah Talak Dalam Hukum Keluarga Muslim Indonesia, Malaysia, Dan Yordania.” Al-Ahwal: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam 7, no. 1 (20 Mei 2016): 17–28.
Khan, Sabrina. “Pakistan and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women - Criterion Quarterly Journal.” Citerion Quarterly, 12 Juni 2023. https://criterion-quarterly.com/pakistan-and-the-convention-on-the-elimination-of-all-forms-of-discrimination-against-women/.
Kharlie, Ahmad Tholabi, Asep Syarifuddin Hidayat, dan Muhammad Hafiz. Kodifikasi Hukum Keluarga Islam Kontemporer Pembaruan, Pendekatan, dan Elastisitas Penerapan Hukum. Jakarta: Kencana, 2020.
Kholidah, M. Ridho, Sobhan, dan M. Ritonga. “Violation Of Women’s Rights On Divorce: Study On Religious Court Decision.” Relacoes Internacionais No Mundo Atual 4, no. 42 (2023): 291–309. doi:10.21902/Revrima.v4i42.6029.
Laili, Nur Fauziyah, dan Moh Rofqil Bazikh. “Metode Reformasi Hukum Keluarga Islam Di Dunia Muslim Perspektif Khoiruddin Nasution.” Jurnal Restorasi Hukum 6, no. 1 (30 Juni 2023): 22–39. doi:10.14421/jrh.v6i1.3028.
Mahmood, Tahir. Personal Law In Islamic Countries: History, Teks And Comparative Analysis. New Delhi: Time Press, 1987.
Mursidah, Silmi. “Analisis Maslahah Terhadap Perma Nomor 3 Tahun 2017 Tentang Pedoman Mengadili Perkara Perempuan Berhadapan Dengan Hukum.” AL-HUKAMA: The Indonesian Journal of Islamic Family Law 8, no. 1 (27 Desember 2018): 215–39. doi:10.15642/al-hukama.2018.8.1.215-239.
Nasution, Muhammad Arsad. “Perceraian Menurut Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI) Dan Fiqh.” Jurnal El-Qanuniy: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Kesyariahan Dan Pranata Sosial 4, no. 2 (30 Desember 2018): 157–70. doi:10.24952/el-qanuniy.v4i2.2385.
Novianti, Nur Fadhilah. “Ketentuan Usia Pernikahan Di Afrika Utara (Mesir, Tunisia, Maroko, Aljazair, Libya) :” BUSTANUL FUQAHA: Jurnal Bidang Hukum Islam 4, no. 3 (15 Desember 2023): 360–77. doi:10.36701/bustanul.v4i3.1059.
Nurlaelawati, Euis. Modernization, Tradition and Identity: The Kompilasi Hukum Islam and Legal Practice in the Indonesian Religious Courts. ICAS Publications Series Monographs 4. Amsterdam: Amsterdam Univ. Press, 2010.
———. “Muslim Women in Indonesian Religious Courts.” Islamic Law and Society 20, no. 3 (2013): 242–71. doi:10.1163/15685195-0010A0003.
———. “Women’s Financial Rights after Divorce in Indonesia.” Dalam Women and Property Rights in Indonesian Islamic Legal Contexts, disunting oleh John Bowen dan Arskal Salim, 89–106. BRILL, 2018. doi:10.1163/9789004386297_007.
Nurlaelawati, Euis dan Witriani. “Cultural Expertise in Islamic Courts in Indonesia.” Dalam Cultural Expertise, Law, and Rights, disunting oleh Livia Holden, 1 ed., 329–38. London: Routledge, 2023. doi:10.4324/9781003167075-34.
Putri, Ardila, Afriandi Afriandi, dan Zulkifli Harza. “Kepatuhan Mesir Terhadap Convention on The Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) Paska Revolusi Mesir 2011.” Jurnal PIR : Power in International Relations 7, no. 1 (12 Agustus 2022): 13–30. doi:10.22303/pir.7.1.2022.13-30.
Ramadhita, Ramadhita, Mahrus Ali, dan Bachri Syabbul. “Gender inequality and judicial discretion in Muslims divorce of Indonesia.” Cogent Social Sciences 9, no. 1 (31 Desember 2023): 2206347. doi:10.1080/23311886.2023.2206347.
Rohman, Holilur. Hukum Perkawinan Islam Menurut Empat Mazhab Disertai Aturan Yang Berlaku di Indonesia. Jakarta: Kencana, 2021.
Rohman, Moh Mujibur, dan Moh Zarkasi. “Reformasi Hukum Keluarga Di Dunia Islam (Studi Normatif Perbandingan Hukum Perceraian Mesir-Indonesia).” AL-SYAKHSHIYYAH Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam dan Kemanusiaan 3, no. 1 (19 Juni 2021): 59–77. doi:10.35673/as-hki.v3i1.1433.
Salim, Arskal, ed. Demi keadilan dan kesetaraan: dokumentasi program sensitivitas jender hakim agama di Indonesia. Cet. 1. Ciputat: Puskumham Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta : Asia Foundation, 2009.
Sanusi, Nur Taufiq. “Perceraian Dalam Perundang-Undangan Negara Muslim (Studi Perbandingan Hukum Keluarga Islam Pakistan, Mesir Dan Indonesia).” Jurnal Al-Qadau: Peradilan Dan Hukum Keluarga Islam 4, no. 2 (2017): 323–44. doi:10.24252/al-qadau.v4i2.5746.
Sanusi, Sanusi, Rifqi Qiwiyul Iman, Reza Baihaki, dan Ibnu Farhan. “Judges’ Ijtihad on Women’s Rights after Divorce and Its Contribution to Family Law Reform in Indonesia.” SMART: Journal of Sharia, Traditon, and Modernity 3, no. 1 (30 Juli 2023): 1–15. doi:10.24042/smart.v3i1.16981.
Stilt, Kristen, Salma Waheedi, dan Swathi Gandhavadi Griffin. “The Ambitions of Muslim Family Law Reform.” Harvard Journal of Law & Gender 41 (2018): 301–42.
Suadi, Amran. “Peranan Peradilan Agama Dalam Melindungi Hak Perempuan Dan Anak Melalui Putusan Yang Memihak Dan Dapat Dilaksanakan / The Role Of Religious Court In Women And Children Rights Protection Through Partial And Executable DecisioN.” Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan 7, no. 3 (18 Desember 2018): 353–74. doi:10.25216/jhp.7.3.2018.353-374.
Wahib, Ahmad Bunyan. “Reformasi Hukum Keluarga Di Dunia Muslim.” Ijtihad : Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan 14, no. 1 (30 Juni 2014): 1–19. doi:10.18326/ijtihad.v14i1.1-19.
Welchman, Lynn. Women and Muslim Family Laws in Arab States: A Comparative Overview of Textual Development and Advocacy. ISIM Series on Contemporary Muslim Societies. Amsterdam: Amsterdam Univ. Press, 2007.
Zuhdi, Syaifuddin. “REFORMULASI HUKUM PERCERAIAN DI PAKISTAN.” Law and Justice 1, no. 1 (31 Oktober 2016): 41–53. doi:https://doi.org/10.23917/laj.v1i1.2704.
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Rizki Amar, Jamilatuz Zahrah, & Lisa Hertiana. (2024). Perceraian dan Penguatan Hak-hak Perempuan: Reformasi Hukum Keluarga di Mesir, Indonesia dan Pakistan. BUSTANUL FUQAHA: Jurnal Bidang Hukum Islam , 5(1), 64-85. https://doi.org/10.36701/bustanul.v5i1.1388
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