حفظ النفس و تطبيقاته في القضايا الطبية الحيوية المعاصرة (البيوإتيقا)

The Preservation of Human Life (Ḥifẓ al-Nafs) and Its Applications in Contemporary Biomedical Ethics (Bioethics)

Abstract

This study aims to explain the concept of ḥifẓ al-nafs (preservation of life) within Islamic maqāṣid thought and to analyze its applications to several contemporary biomedical issues, particularly brain death, genetic engineering, and organ transplantation, by examining the extent to which the objectives of Islamic law (maqāṣid al-sharīʿah) can provide an ethical framework for addressing developments in modern medicine. The study employs a comparative analytical method through an examination of foundational texts in uṣūl al-fiqh and Islamic jurisprudence concerning the objective of ḥifẓ al-nafs, an analysis of contemporary resolutions issued by Islamic jurisprudential councils, and a comparison of these perspectives with the principles of modern biomedical ethics. The findings demonstrate that ḥifẓ al-nafs constitutes an important methodological framework for evaluating contemporary biomedical issues. The Islamic perspective does not reject medical and technological advancement; rather, it seeks to promote human welfare, prevent harm, and preserve human dignity. The study further reveals that issues such as brain death, genetic engineering, and organ transplantation require careful consideration and a balanced assessment between medical interests and Islamic legal principles. The study recommends strengthening interdisciplinary research between Islamic jurisprudence and biomedical ethics, as well as developing more comprehensive maqāṣid-based models for addressing emerging medical developments and contemporary biomedical challenges.