Zakat Madu dalam Istinbāṭ Yūsuf al-Qarḍāwī dan Relevansinya terhadap Ekonomi Kontemporer

Honey Zakat in Yusuf Al-Qarḍāwī’s Istinbāṭ and Its Relevance to The Contemporary Economy

Abstract

Classical fiqh confined the objects of zakat to a limited list of commodities, leaving honey in a contested position despite its transformation into a high-value modern commodity. This article examines the construction of legal reasoning (istinbāṭ) employed by Yusuf al-Qarḍāwī in obligating zakat on honey and assesses its relevance to the contemporary economy. Using a qualitative library research design with a figure study approach, the analysis applies content analysis and a methodological uṣūl al-fiqh reading of Fiqh al-Zakāh as the primary source. The study finds that al-Qarḍāwī’s reasoning is not a simple analogy but a layered ijtihād in which qiyās and maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah operate dialectically: maqāṣid guides the identification of the operative cause (al-namā’), while qiyās restrains maqāṣid from becoming unbounded utilitarian reasoning. This structure yields technical consequences, namely a value-based niṣāb, rates of ten and five per cent following agricultural zakat, and the irrelevance of ḥawl for harvest-based wealth. The article argues that the significance of this method lies less in its ruling on honey than in its transferability, offering a controlled framework for extending zakat objects to newly emerging productive assets and for strengthening the governance of national zakat institutions.