Pemilihan Wanita sebagai Pemimpin Negara (Studi Komparatif Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif)

The Leadership of Women as Heads of State (A Comparative Study Between Islamic Law and Positive Law)

Authors

  • Muhammad Aqil Abdillah Institut Agama Islam STIBA Makassar, Indonesia
  • Kasman Bakry Institut Agama Islam STIBA Makassar, Indonesia
  • Jamaluddin Institut Agama Islam STIBA Makassar, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36701/mabsuth.v1i2.2382

Keywords:

leadership, women, heads of state, Islamic law, positive law

Abstract

This journal article examines the issue of women serving as heads of state from both Islamic law and Indonesian positive law perspectives. The background of the study lies in the increasing participation of women in political leadership, exemplified by figures such as President Megawati Soekarnoputri, which has reignited scholarly debate regarding the legitimacy of female leadership. The study aims to explore the position of women as national leaders in both legal systems and compare their normative foundations. Using a descriptive-qualitative method and a library research approach, this article analyzes classical Islamic jurisprudence texts, contemporary fatwas, and national legal instruments including the 1945 Constitution and CEDAW ratification. The findings show that the majority of classical scholars from all four Sunni schools prohibit women from holding the highest political office (al-imāmah al-‘uzhmā), based on Qur'anic verse Al-Nisa’/ 4:34 and the hadith of Abu Bakrah. However, contemporary scholars such as Yusuf al-Qarḍāwī and Muhammad Sayyid Ṭanṭāwī offer contextual interpretations that allow female leadership in modern state systems. In contrast, Indonesian positive law fully guarantees gender equality in political rights, including the right to be elected as president, as affirmed in Articles 27(1) and 28D(3) of the Constitution, as well as other laws like the Human Rights Law, the Election Law, and ratified international treaties. The study concludes that while Islamic law and positive law differ in normative sources and interpretive approaches, they can complement each other in ensuring justice and inclusiveness in state leadership. This contributes significantly to Islamic legal studies and offers practical insights for navigating the intersection between religious principles and democratic legal systems.

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Published

2025-08-07