Studi Komparatif Pendapat Ibn ‘Umar  dan Jumhur Ulama tentang Berwudu Menggunakan Air Laut

A Comparative Study of Ibn ‘Umar's and the Majority Scholars' Opinions on Performing Ablution with Seawater

Authors

  • Muhammad Adib Institut Agama Islam STIBA Makassar, Indonesia
  • Maulana La Eda Institut Agama Islam STIBA Makassar, Indonesia
  • M. Dzul Fadli S Institut Agama Islam STIBA Makassar, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36701/mabsuth.v1i2.2621

Keywords:

Ablution, Seawater, Islamic Jurisprudence, Ibn ‘Umar, Majority Scholars

Abstract

In Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), water is essential for performing ṭahārah (ritual purification), and one type of water that has sparked scholarly debate is seawater. The majority of scholars (jumhūr al-ʿulamāʾ) from the four major schools of thought affirm that seawater is pure and purifying (mā’ ṭāhūr), based on an authentic ḥadīth of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). However, some companions, such as ibn ʿUmar, considered it disliked (makrūh) to use seawater for ablution, not due to impurity but out of discomfort with its taste or smell. This study aims to explore the differing views between the majority of scholars and Ibn ʿUmar on the validity of seawater for ablution. Using a qualitative-descriptive method with normative and comparative approaches through library research, the study reveals that all four schools accept seawater as valid for ablution, while ibn ʿUmar's view stems from personal piety (iḥtiyāṭ) rather than legal prohibition. The contrast reflects a broader divergence between prophetic authority and individual ijtihad. The study concludes that the position of the majority is more authoritative both epistemologically and practically, aligning with the objectives of Islamic law (maqāṣid al-sharīʿah), which promote ease and remove hardship in worship. The implication is the need to distinguish between personal caution and binding legal rulings to prevent confusion in religious practice among Muslims.

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Published

2025-09-11