Risiko Cedera Fatal dan Kematian dalam Keikutsertaan Pemain pada Perlombaan Ketangkasan Perspektif Mazhab Syafii
The Risk of Fatal Injury and Death in Player Participation in Skill-Based Competitions: A Shafi’i School Perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36701/muntaqa.v2i1.2455Keywords:
Risk, Fatal Injury, Agility Competition, A Shafi’i SchoolAbstract
Agility competitions such as horse racing, martial arts challenges, and extreme stunts often involve the risk of severe injury or even death. This phenomenon raises serious questions in Islamic legal discourse, particularly within the Shafi’i school, which strongly emphasizes the protection of life (ḥifẓ al-Nafs) as one of the core objectives of Islamic law (maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah). This study aims to examine the legal status of participation in high-risk competitions from the perspective of Shafi’i scholars, based on the Qur’an, Hadith, and legal maxims. The research adopts a library research method using a normative-theological approach and descriptive analysis of classical and contemporary Shafi’i jurisprudential literature. The findings of this study are as follows: first, the Shafi’i school considers participation in potentially fatal agility competitions to be conditional. Second, if such competitions are held without adequate safety measures, skills, or clear benefits, they are deemed forbidden (ḥarām) as they endanger life, which contradicts the principle of ḥifẓ al-nafs. Third, if these competitions are conducted professionally, safely, and bring benefits such as physical health or education, then they are permissible (mubāḥ) or even recommended (mandūb). The principles of harm (ḍarar) and necessity (ḍarūrah) serve as the foundation for this judgment, in accordance with the legal maxims lā ḍarar wa lā ḍirār (no harm and no reciprocating harm) and al-ḍarūrātu tubīḥu al-maḥẓūrāt (necessities permit the prohibited). This study is expected to serve as a reference for scholars, academics, and competition organizers in assessing participation in skill-based contests from the perspective of the Shafi'i school of thought. The findings emphasize the importance of preserving human life (ḥifẓ al-nafs) and highlight the necessity of adequate safety standards and expertise in all high-risk activities, in order to remain in accordance with the principles of Islamic law.
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