Hukum Azan dan Ikamah Wanita Secara Berjemaah dan Sendirian Perspektif Empat Mazhab
The Law of Women Performing the Azan and Iqamah in Congregation and Alone: Perspectives of the Four Mazhabs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36701/muntaqa.v2i1.2525Keywords:
Law, azan, iqamah, four mazhabsAbstract
This study aims to identify and understand the opinions of the four schools of thought (Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hambali) regarding the law of women performing the call to prayer and iqamah in congregation and individually. This study employs a descriptive qualitative research design, utilizing a normative legal approach and a comparative approach. The findings reveal that the majority of scholars from the four schools of thought opine that the azan performed by women is not prescribed by Islamic law but is permitted when done alone in a low or soft voice as a form of announcing the prayer. Meanwhile, the iqamah performed by women is considered permissible to recommended, whether performed alone or with other women, as a sign of the beginning of prayer. The azan performed by women is generally considered disliked or forbidden and not recommended, especially if performed in the presence of male congregants, as women's voices are deemed unsuitable for such announcements. Similarly, the iqamah performed by women is also viewed as makruh or haram and considered invalid if performed in front of a male congregation. The implications of this research are expected to serve as a reference, literature, or consideration for the academic world, as well as provide information to the public, particularly for Muslim women.
Downloads
References
Al-Qur’an al-Karim.
Buku:
Al-‘Asqalānī, Ibn Ḥajar. Fatḥ al-Bārī Syarḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, juz 2. Beirut: Dār al-Ma‘rifah, 1379 H.
Al-Albānī, Muḥammad Nāṣir al-Dīn. Silsilah al-Aḥādīṡ al-Ṣaḥīḥah. Riyadh: Maktabah al-Ma‘ārif, 1995 M.
Al-Aṣbahānī, Ismāʿīl ibn Muḥammad al-Taimī. Syarḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, tahkik ʿAbd al-Raḥīm ibn Muḥammad al-ʿAzzāwī, jilid 3. Cet. I; Kuwait: Dār Asfār, 1442 H/2021 M.
Bisri, Cik Hasan. Model Penelitian Kitab Fikih. Cet. I; Bogor: Kencana, 2003 M.
Al-Bahūtī, Manṣūr ibn Yūnus. Kasysyāf al-Qināʿ ʿan Matn al-Iqnāʿ jilid 1. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, t.th.
Al-Bahūtī, Manṣūr ibn Yūnus. Syarḥ Muntahā al-Irādāt, Juz 1. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, t.th.
Al-Bukhārī, Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl ibn Ibrāhīm ibn al-Mughīrah ibn Bardizbah. Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, Juz 4. Beirut: Dār Ibn Kaṡīr, 1987 M.
Al-Bukhārī, Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl ibn Ibrāhīm ibn al-Mughīrah ibn Bardizbah. Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, Kitāb al-Ażān, Bāb Man Qāla Yū’adżin wa Yutimm al-Ażān. Cet. I; Riyāḍ: Dār Ṭauq al-Najāḥ, 1422 H.
Al-Dardīr, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad. Al-Syarḥ al-Kabīr ʿalā Khalīl, jilid 1. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, t.th.
Al-Dardīr, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad. Al-Syarh al-Kabir ma‘a Ḥāsyiyah al-Dasūqī, Juz 1. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1997 M.
Al-Dusūqī, Muḥammad ‘Ārūsy. Ḥāsyiyah al-Dusūqī ‘alā al-Syarḥ al-Kabīr, Juz 1. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, t.th.
Al-Fayyūmī, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad. Al-Miṣbāḥ al-Munīr fī Garīb al-Syarḥ al-Kabīr. jilid 2. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, t.th.
Al-Haitam, Al-Ḥusain bin Muḥammad. Tuḥfah al-Muḥtāj, Juz 1. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1997 M.
Al-Hajjāwī, Zain al-Dīn. Al-Iqnā‘, Juz 1. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, t.th.
Al-Ḥanafī, Ḥasan ibn ʿAmmār al-Syarnabalālī al-Miṣrī. Nūr al-Īḍāḥ wa Najāh al-Arwāḥ fī al-Fiqh al-Ḥanafī, tahkik: Muḥammad Anīs Mahārāt. Beirut: al-Maktabah al-ʿAṣriyyah, 1246 H/2005 M.
Al-Ḥaṭṭāb, Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad. Mawāhib al-Jalīl li Syarḥ Mukhtaṣar Khalīl, juz 2. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, t.th.
Ibn ‘Ābidīn, Muḥammad Amīn ibn ʿUmar. Radd al-Muḥtār ʿalā al-Durr al-Mukhtār, jilid 1. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, t.th.
Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad ibn Mukarram. Lisān al-ʿArab, jilid 12. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, t.th.
Ibn Qudāmah, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdullāh ibn Aḥmad. Al-Muġnī, Juz 1. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1405 H.
Ibn Qudāmah al Maqdisī, Muwaffaq al Dīn Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdullāh ibn Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad. Al Mughni. Juz 2. Riyāḍ: Dār ʿĀlam al Kutub li Ṭibāʿah wa Nashr wa Tawzīʿ, 1417 H/1997 M.
Ibn ʿUṡaimīn, Muḥammad ibn Ṣāliḥ. Al-Syarḥ al-Mumtiʿ ʿalā Zād al-Mustaqniʿ, jilid 2. Dammam: Dār ibn al-Jauzī, 1422–1428 H/2001–2007 M.Al-Jarjawi, Ali Ahmad. Indahnya Syariat Islam. Jakarta: Gema Insani, 2006.
Al-Jauharī, Ismāʿīl ibn Ḥammād. Al-Ṣiḥāḥ fī al-Lugah, jilid 5. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 2017 M.
Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia, Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahnya. Bandung: CV Penerbit Diponegoro, 2018.
Al-Kāsānī, Alāʾ al-Dīn Abū Bakr ibn Masʿūd. Badā’iʿ al-Ṣanā’iʿ fī Tartīb al-Syarā’iʿ, jilid 1. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1406 H/1986 M.
Al-Kāsānī, ʿAlā’ al-Dīn Abū Bakr ibn Masʿūd, Badā’iʿ al-Ṣanā’iʿ fī Tartīb al-Syarā’iʿ. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, t.th.
Al-Kharasyī, Ahmad. Syarḥ Mukhtaṣar Khalīl, Juz 1. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, t.th.
Al-Khin, Mustafā, dkk. Al-Fiqh al-Manhajī ‘alā Mażżhab al-Imām al-Syāfi‘Ī, jilid I. Cet III; Kairo: Dār al-Fikr al-‘Arabī, 1420 H/1999 M.
Al-Khuḍair, ’Abd al-Kārim. Syarḥ Mukhtaṣar al-Khiraqī, juz 30. Arab Saudi: al-Maktabah al-Syāmilah al-Ḥadīṡah.
Al-Khurasyī, Abū ʿAbdullāh Muḥammad. Syarḥ al-Khurasyī ʿalā Mukhtaṣar Khalīl, jilid 1. Cet. II; Mesir: al-Maṭbaʿah al-Kubrā al-Amīriyyah, 1317 H.
Al-Khurasyī, Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdullāh. Syarḥ Mukhtaṣar Khalīl, jilid 1. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, t.th.
Al-Khurasyī, Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdullāh. Syarḥ al-Khurasyī ʿalā Mukhtaṣar Khalīl, disertai Ḥāsyiyat al-ʿAdawī, jilid 1. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, t.th.
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta:Kencana, 2007 M.
Al-Mālikī, Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ruʿainī al-Maġribī. Mawāhib al-Jalīl fī Syarḥ Mukhtaṣar Khalīl, jilid 1. Cet. III; Dār al-Fikr, 1412 H/1992 M.
Al-Mubārak, Faiṣal bin ʿAbdulazīz. Kalimah al-Sadād ʿalā Matn al-Zād, ed. Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan ibn ʿAbdullāh Al-Mubārak. Cet. I; Riyāḍ: Kunūz Isybīliyā li al-Nasyr wa al-Tawzīʿ, 1427 H/2007 M.
Al-Naisābūrī, Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj ibn Muslim al-Qusyairī. Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 382. Beirut: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāṡ al-‘Arabī, 1991 M.
Al-Nawawī, Yaḥyā ibn Sharaf. al-Majmū‘ Sḥarḥ al-Muhażżab, Juz 3. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1997 M.
Al-Nawawī, Yaḥyā ibn Syaraf. al-Minhāj fī Sḥarḥ Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj, jilid 4. Beirut: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāṡ al-‘Arabī, t.th.
Al-Nawawī, Yaḥyā ibn Syaraf. Ḥilyah al-Abrār wa Syiʿār al-Akhyār fī Talkhīṣ al-Adʿiyah wa al-Ażkār al-Mustaḥabbah fī al-Laīl wa al-Nahār. Cet. I; Beirut: al-Jaffān wa al Jābī & Dār ibn Ḥazm, 1425 H/2004 M.
Al-Qazwīnī, Muḥammad ibn Yazīd ibn Mājah al-Rabʿī. Sunan Ibn Mājah. Riyāḍ: Maktabah al-Maʿārif, t.t.
Sābiq, Sayyid. Fiqh al-Sunnah, jilid 1. Cet. III; Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1397 H/1977 M.
Suprayogo, Imam dan Tabroni. Metode Penelitian Sosial Agama. Cet. I; Bandung: Posda Karya, 2011 M.
Al-Shaibānī, Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal. Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal. Beirut: Mu’assasah al-Risālah, 2001 M.
Al Ṣāliḥī, Muwaffaq al Dīn Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Qudāmah al Maqdisī al Jamāʿīlī al Dimashqī. Al Mughni. Juz 2. Cet. III. Riyāḍ: Dār ʿĀlam al Kutub li Ṭ Ṭibāʿah wa al Nashr wa al Tawzīʿ, 1417 H/1997 M.
Al-Sijistānī, Sulaimān ibn al-Asyʿaṡ ibn Isḥāq ibn Basyīr ibn Syaddād ibn ʿAmr ibn ʿImrān al-Azdī. Sunan Abī Dāwūd, Juz 1, no. 499. Cet.I; Delhi: al-Maṭba‘ah al-Anṣāriyyah, 1323 H.
Al Syāfiʿī, Muḥammad ibn Idrīs. Al Umm. Juz 1. Beirut: Dār al Fikr, 1403 H / 1983 M.
Al-Syīrāzī, Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAlī. Al-Muhażżab fī Fiqh al-Imām al-Syāfiī, jilid 1. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, t.th.
Al-Ṭayyār, ʿAbdullāh Muḥammad. Wabal al-Ġamāmah fī Syarḥ ʿUmdat al-Fiqh li ibn Qudāmah, jilid 1. Cet. I; Riyāḍ: Dār al-Waṭan li al-Nashr wa al-Tauzīʿ, 1429–1432 H.
Al-Tirmiżī, Muḥammad ibn ʿĪsā. Sunan al-Tirmiżī. al-Qāhirah: Dār al-Ḥadīṡ, t.t.
Al-Tuwaijrī, Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Abdullah. Mawsūʿat al‑fiqh al‑islāmī. Riyāḍ: Bayt al‑Afkār al‑Dawlīyah, 1430 H/2009 M.
‘Umar, Aḥmad Mukhtār. Mu‘jam al-Lugah al-‘Arabiyyah al-Mu‘āṣirah, juz 1. Kairo: ‘Ālam al-Kutub, 2008.
Al-Zuḥailī, Wahbah. al-Fiqh al-Islāmī wa Adillatuhu, jilid 1. Cet. IV; Damaskus: Dār al-Fikr, t.th.
Jurnal Ilmiah:
Al-’Ānī, Ḥamza ’Abd al-‘Azīz Muḥammad. “Ḥukmu Qiyāmi al-Marʾah bi al-Ażān wa al-Iqāmah wa al-Khuṭbah ʿinda al-Fuqahāʾ”. Majallat al-Bāḥiṡ li al-ʿUlūm al-Islāmiyyah, Kulliyyat al-ʿUlūm al-Islāmiyyah, Jāmiʿah al-Fallūjah 2, (2020–2021): h. 1-34.
Hasan, M. Hadri. “Peran Suara Azan Sebagai Syiar dalam Islam,” Siyasah: Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara 5, Edisi I (2022): h. 19–20.
Laily, Anggi Nur. “Hukum Sholat Sunnah Dikala Ikamah”. Al-Huquq: Jurnal Hukum Islam 2, no. 1 (2021): h. 1-10
Disertasi, Tesis, dan Skripsi:
Amin, Ibnu. “Jumlah Kalimat Azan dan Ikamah Menurut Mazhab Hanafi dan Maliki”. Skripsi. Yogyakarta: Fak. Syariah sudah Hukum, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga, 2021.
Malik, Muhamad. ”Hukum Mengazani Jenazah di Liang Lahad Menurut Ulama Muhammadiyah dan Nahdlatul Ulama”. Skripsi. Yogyakarta: Fak. Syariah dan Hukum, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, 2019.
Syah, Alwi Firdaus. ”Konsep Pelaksanaan Azan dan Ikamah dalam Kajian Kitab Fath al-Mu’in: Studi Kasus di Pondok Pesantren al-Amien Rejomulyo Kota Kediri”. Skripsi. IAIN Kediri, 2022.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 AL-MUNTAQA: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Bahasa Arab

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.






