Analisis Perbandingan Istidlal Syāfi‘iyyah dan Mālikiyyah tentang Hukum Memakan Hewan yang Hidup di Dua Alam
Comparative Analysis of the Istidlal Methods of the Syāfi‘iyyah and Mālikiyyah Schools Regarding the Ruling on Consuming Amphibious Animals
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36701/muntaqa.v1i3.2548Keywords:
Two realms, Shāfi’ī School, Mālikī School, Legal ReasoningAbstract
This study aims to examine the views, methods, and differences between the Shāfiʿī and Mālikī schools regarding the legal ruling on consuming animals that live in both land and water. The research uses a qualitative-descriptive method with a comparative analysis approach and a literature review of classical sources from both schools. The findings show that the Shāfiʿī school holds that animals living in both environments are prohibited (ḥarām) to consume. This view is based on the principle that the default ruling on animal meat is prohibition unless there is evidence that permits it. It is also supported by biological and legal reasons, such as the animals’ inability to be ritually slaughtered in accordance with Islamic law, their classification as khabāʾith (repulsive), and legal maxims adopted in the school. The Mālikī school, on the other hand, permits the consumption of amphibious animals as long as their primary habitat is the sea and there is no definitive evidence prohibiting them. This view is based on the general Qur'anic allowance of sea animals, consideration of maṣlaḥah (public interest), customary practices (ʿurf), as well as medical and empirical assessments of the benefits or harms of the animals. The difference in opinion between the two schools stems from their respective methods of legal reasoning: the Shāfiʿī school emphasizes a textual approach and a principle of caution to preserve legal purity, while the Mālikī school applies a more contextual approach that takes public interest into account. The implications of these findings include increasing public understanding of legal rulings, contributing to the development of comparative fiqh studies, and serving as a reference for fatwa institutions in responding to biological and social dynamics.
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