Tinjauan terhadap Keputusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 90/PUU-XXI-2023 Tentang Syarat Kriteria Pemimpin Negara dan Relevansinya terhadap Pandangan al-Māwardī
A Review of the Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 90/PUU-XXI-2023 Regarding the Criteria for State Leaders and Its Relevance to the Views of al-Māwardī
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36701/muntaqa.v1i3.2549Keywords:
Constitutional court, Imam al Mawardi, Terms of state leader criteria.Abstract
A public controversy has arisen following Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023, which is perceived to open the door for political interests in determining presidential and vice-presidential nominations, particularly regarding the minimum age requirement. This study aims to compare the leadership criteria in the decision with the theory of political leadership according to Imam al-Māwardī. The method used is a normative juridical approach with qualitative analysis of the Court's decision and classical Islamic literature. The results of the study show that although the Constitutional Court's decision is final and binding, moral and ethical aspects, as emphasized by al-Māwardī, still need to be considered. According to Imam al-Māwardī's perspective, a young individual is allowed to become the leader of a nation as long as they meet the established conditions, such as possessing noble character, intelligence, justice, broad knowledge, and maturity in carrying out the responsibilities of leadership. Meanwhile, the Constitutional Court sets the minimum age at 40 years, or currently holding a position through a general election, including regional heads. In the context of political ethics, these findings affirm that leadership criteria should not be determined solely based on positive law, but must also consider the morality and character of the leader. Integration of positive law with classical Islamic ethical values is necessary to strengthen the quality of democracy and uphold the dignity of national leadership in Indonesia.
Downloads
References
Al-Qur`an al-Karim
Buku
Al-Baghdādī, Abū Bakr Muhammad al-Khatīb. Muqaddimah taḥqīq Al-Ahkām al-Sulṭāniyyah li al-Māwardī. al-Qāhirah: Dār al-Hādīṡ, 1431 H.
Al-Baghdādī, Abū Bakr Muhammad al-Khatīb. Tārīkh Baghdād. Kairo: Maktabah al-Khanjī, 1931.
Al-Māwardī, Abū al-Hasan ‘Alī ibn Muhammad Ḥabib al-Baṣrī . Al-Ahkām al-Sulṭāniyyah li al-Māwardī. al-Qāhirah: Dār al-Hādīṡ, 1431 H.
Ali, Zainuddin, Metode Penelitian Hukum. Cet. 1. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2009.
Departemen Pendidikan Nasional. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Pusat Bahasa Edisi IV. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2008.
Fadjar, A. Mukthie. Hukum Konstitusi dan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Jakarta: Sekretariat Jenderal dan Kepaniteraan MK RI, 2006.
Hamzah, M. Guntur. Hukum Acara Mahkamah Konstitusi. Cet. 2. Jakarta: Mahkamah Konstitusi, Desember 2019.
Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia. Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahannya. Edisi Penyempurnaan. Jakarta: Lajnah Pentashihan Mushaf Al-Qur’an Badan Litbang dan Diklat Kementerian Agama RI, 2019.
Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.
Saebani, Beni Ahmad, dan Ii Somantri. Kepemimpinan. Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2014.
Tim Penulis. Panduan Pemasyarakatan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, Sesuai dengan Urutan Bab, Pasal, dan Ayat. Jakarta: Sekretariat Jenderal MPR RI, 2007.
Jurnal ilmiah
Adji, Agung Bayu, dkk. “Konstitusionalitas Perubahan Usia Calon Presiden dan Calon Wakil Presiden Dalam Negara Hukum Demokrasi.” Sentri 3, no.1 (2024)
Dekananda, Atika Wahyuni, dan Akmaluddin Syahputra. “Tinjauan Fiqh Siyasah Terhadap Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023 Tentang Batas Usia Capres dan Cawapres.” Dinasti Review, No. 3 (Maret 2023).
Harmayanti, Halvina, dkk. “Kriteria Pemimpin Negara Menurut Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 Ditinjau Dari Kriteria Imam Menurut Al-Māwardī.” Unes Law Review 6, no.3 (2024).
Subandri, Rio. “Tinjauan Yuridis Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 90/PUU-XXI/2023 Tentang Persyaratan Batas Usia Pencalonan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden.” Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Politik 2, no. 1 (2024).
Sukatin, dkk. “Kepemimpinan dalam Islam.” Educational Leadership 2, no. 1 (Juli 2022).
Sultan, Syahril. “Teori-Teori Kepemimpinan.” Ri’ayah 8, no.2 (2019): h. 210.
Zulfikar, Yoga Widyatma. “Konsep Kepemimpinan Menurut Al-Māwardī.” Institut Studi Islam Darussalam, Vol. 8, No. 1 (2014).
Disertasi , Tesis, Dan Skripsi
Mustofiah, Siti. “Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Islam Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Rabbani Semarang.” Skripsi. Semarang: Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islami UIN Walisongo, 2015.
Putri, Rusmauliana. “Tinjauan Politik Hukum terhadap Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 90/PUU-XXI/2023 Huruf Q Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017.” Skripsi. Banjarmasin: Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum Tata Negara UIN Antasari, 2024.
Putri, Rismaulana. “Tinjauan Politik Hukum Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 90/PUU-XXI/2023 Pasal 169 Huruf Q Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017.” Skripsi. Banjarmasin: Fakultas Hukum Tata Negara UIN Antasari, 2024.
Wati, Irma Reska. “Syarat Kriteria Pemimpin di Indonesia Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 Pasal 169 dan Relevansinya dengan Pandangan Imam Al- Māwardī.” Skripsi. Batusangkar: Fakultas Syariah IAIN Batusangkar, 2022.
Yolanda, Yue Sevin Eva. “Tinjauan Fiqh Siyasah Terhadap Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 58/PUU-XVII/2019 Tentang Syarat Usia Kepala Daerah.” Skripsi. Surabaya: Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum UIN Sunan Ampel.
Situs Dan Sumber Online
Mahkamah Konstitusi, “Putusan Nomor 90/PUU-XXI/2023’’, Official Website Mahkamah.Konstitusi,https://www.mkri.id/public/content/persidangan/putusan/putusan_mkri_9332_16974274 38.pdf (l 2 Agustus 2023).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Rendy Shaputra, Rahmat Rahmat, Alif Jumai Rajab

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.






