اسم الموصول في اللغتين العربية والإندونيسية: دراسة تقابلية

Relative Pronouns in Arabic and Indonesian: A Contrastive Study

Abstract

This study aims to conduct a contrastive analysis of relative pronouns in Arabic and Indonesian in order to identify their similarities and differences in terms of forms, usage, and grammatical characteristics, as well as to explain their functions in both languages and predict the difficulties encountered by Indonesian learners when using Arabic relative pronouns. The study employs a descriptive contrastive method by first describing the relative pronoun systems in both languages, then comparing them to identify similarities and differences, and finally predicting the learning difficulties resulting from these differences. The findings reveal that Arabic relative pronouns vary according to gender and number, such as alladhī, allatī, alladhān, allatān, alladhīna, and allātī, and are closely associated with a relative clause and a resumptive pronoun referring back to the antecedent. In contrast, Indonesian relies on a single invariable relative marker, yang, which does not change according to gender or number and does not require a resumptive pronoun as in Arabic. These differences may cause difficulties for Indonesian learners, particularly in selecting the appropriate relative pronoun, linking it correctly with the relative clause, and using the resumptive pronoun accurately. This study contributes to the development of contrastive linguistic studies between Arabic and Indonesian and provides a scientific basis for improving Arabic grammar instruction and developing teaching materials that better meet the needs of Indonesian learners