Pembiayaan Bayi Tabung dalam Perspektif Fikih Muamalah: Studi Komparatif Mazhab Hanafi dan Mazhab Syafii
Financing IVF from the Muamalah Fiqh Perspective: Comparative Study of the Hanafi and Syafii Schools
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36701/muntaqa.v2i5.3370Keywords:
sharia financing, ivf, Hanafi school, Syafii school, contractAbstract
This study aims to identify the types of contracts (ʿuqūd) that can be applied to the financing of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) from the perspective of fiqh muʿāmalah and to examine the similarities and differences between the Hanafi and Shafi'i schools of Islamic jurisprudence in analyzing such financing. This research employs a descriptive qualitative design using a library research method, drawing upon the Qur'an, Hadith, classical works of fiqh and uṣūl al-fiqh, fatwas, and other scholarly literature relevant to the topic. The study adopts a normative-comparative approach by identifying the textual evidences and legal opinions of both schools, describing their respective methods of legal reasoning (istinbāṭ al-aḥkām), analyzing the application of contracts such as ijārah, bayʿ, wakalah, and takaful in healthcare financing, and comparing the similarities and differences in their legal perspectives. The findings indicate that ijārah, wakālah bi al-ujrah, qarḍ, and tabarruʿ/takāful are the most appropriate contracts for financing IVF services, whereas mushārakah and muḍārabah are considered less relevant because they are primarily designed for commercial profit-sharing ventures. Both schools agree on the validity of the ijārah contract, the prohibition of any additional benefit in a qarḍ contract, and the requirement that IVF procedures preserve clear lineage by involving only legally married spouses. Their primary difference lies in the use of istiḥsān as a legal method: the Hanafi school adopts a more adaptive and flexible approach, whereas the Shafi'i school adheres to a more textual and stringent interpretation, particularly in avoiding garar (excessive uncertainty). This study contributes theoretically to the development of contemporary fiqh muʿāmalah and offers practical insights for Islamic financial institutions and policymakers in designing Sharia-compliant financing schemes for IVF servicesDownloads
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