Qasāmah Sebagai Alat Pembuktian Kasus Pembunuhan (Studi Analisis Pada Fikih Jinayah dan KUHAP Indonesia)
The Position of Qasāmah as Evidence in Murder Cases: An Analytical Study of Fiqh Jināyah and the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36701/muntaqa.v2i2.3430Keywords:
qasāmah, murder cases, criminal evidence, fiqh jināyah, Indonesian Criminal Procedure CodeAbstract
This study analyzes qasāmah as a means of proof in homicide cases according to fiqh jināyah (Islamic criminal law) and the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP). The main objectives of this research are to explain the concept, legal basis, requirements, and mechanism of qasāmah in fiqh jināyah; to analyze the comparison between Islamic law and positive law regarding qasāmah as a means of criminal proof; and to examine its position within the Indonesian criminal evidentiary system. Qasāmah is a mechanism of repeated oaths in homicide cases applied when there is a strong indication (lawṡ) but direct evidence is insufficient. This research employs a qualitative method with a library research design through normative juridical and historical approaches. The data sources consist of the Qur’an, hadith, classical fiqh literature, statutory regulations, and relevant scientific literature. The results show that qasāmah is recognized in fiqh jināyah as a special evidentiary mechanism in homicide cases, but it is not recognized as a formal means of proof under the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code. The implication of this study lies in clarifying the proportional position of qasāmah, namely that it is not a general means of proof for all criminal offenses, but rather a specific mechanism for homicide cases according to Islamic law. This study also demonstrates the relevance of the values embodied in qasāmah, particularly prudence in evidentiary assessment, protection of victims’ rights, and attention to homicide cases where direct evidence is minimal.
Downloads
References
Al-Qur’an al-Karīm
Buku
Harahap, M. Yahya. Pembahasan Permasalahan dan Penerapan KUHAP: Pemeriksaan Sidang Pengadilan, Banding, Kasasi, dan Peninjauan Kembali. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2012.
Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad ibn Mukarram ibn al-Anṣārī, Lisān al-‘Arab, Juz 12, Cet. III; Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1414 H, h. 481
Ibn Qudāmah, Abū Muḥammad ‘Abd Allāh ibn Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Maqdisī. Al-Mughnī. Juz 8. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1417 H/1997 M.
Ibn Rusyd, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad. Bidāyah al-Mujtahid wa Nihāyah al-Muqtaṣid. Jilid 4. Cet. 2. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1992.
Al-Kāsānī, Abū Bakr ibn Mas‘ūd, Badā’i‘ al-Ṣanā’i‘ fī Tartīb al-Syarā’i‘, Juz 7, Cet. II; Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1406 H/1986 M.
Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia. Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahannya. Jakarta: Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia.
Al-Lāḥim, ‘Abd al-Karīm ibn Muḥammad. Al-Muṭṭali‘ ‘alā Daqā’iq Zād al-Mustaqni‘. Juz 2. Cet. 1. Riyadh: Dār Kunūz Isybīliyā li al-Nasyr wa al-Tawzī‘, 1432 H/2011 M.
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum. Edisi Revisi. Jakarta: Kencana, 2017.
Al-Mundzir, Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm ibn. al-Awsaṭ fī al-Sunan wa al-Ijmā‘ wa al-Ikhtilāf. Juz 13. Taḥqīq Abū Ḥammād Ṣaghīr Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad Ḥanīf. Cet. I. Riyadh: Dār Ṭayyibah, t.t.
Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj ibn Muslim al-Qusyairī al-Naisābūrī. Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. Juz 5. Cet. 1. Beirut: Dār Ṭawq al-Najāḥ, 1433 H/2012 M.
Al-Nawawī, Yaḥyā ibn Sharaf. Al-Minhāj Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj. Cet. 2. Beirut: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī, 1392 H.
Al-Sarakhsī, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad. Al-Mabsūṭ. Juz 26. Beirut: Dār al-Ma‘rifah, 1406 H/1986 M.
Al-Shanqīṭī, Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Mukhtār. “Syarḥ Zād al-Mustaqni‘: Bāb al-Qasāmah [1].” Transkrip audio. Islamweb. Diakses 4 Juni 2026.
Jurnal Ilmiah
Agustina, M. Sri Astuti. “Asas Ketuhanan yang Maha Esa pada Penggunaan Sumpah sebagai Alat Bukti.” Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Tulungagung 5, no. 1 (2019): 48-56
Gulo, Nimerodi, and Cornelius Dikae Zolohefona Gulo. “Timbulnya Keyakinan Hakim dalam Hukum Pembuktian Perkara Pidana di Peradilan Indonesia.” UNES Law Review 6, no. 3 (2024)
Haq, Islamul. “Al-Qasamah: Alternatif Pembuktian Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan dalam Hukum Positif.” Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum 17, no. 1 (2020)
Iqbal, Sirya, dkk. Analisis Perbandingan Hukuman Terhadap Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan Berdasarkan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana Dan Hukum Islam. Suloh: Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Malikussaleh, Vol. 10, No. 3, (2022), h. 113–138.
Nugroho, Bastianto. “Peranan Alat Bukti dalam Perkara Pidana dalam Putusan Hakim Menurut KUHAP.” Yuridika 32, no. 1 (2017)
Rohman, Muliadi, Farhan Pratama, Irka Saputra, Aidil Firmansyah, T. Marwan, and Irfandi. “Sistem Pembuktian dalam Hukum Pidana Indonesia dan Tantangan dalam Proses Peradilan.” JIMMI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Multidisiplin 1, no. 3 (2024)
Saenah, Siti. “Types of Evidence: A Comparative Study between Islamic Law and Civil Procedure Law.” Jurista 4, no. 1 (2020)
Soeikromo, Deasy. “Proses Pembuktian dan Penggunaan Alat-Alat Bukti pada Perkara Perdata di Pengadilan.” Jurnal Hukum Unsrat 2, no. 1 (2014)
Susatyo, Febriyan Alam. “Kriteria Alat Bukti Elektronik yang Sah dalam Urgensi Pembaharuan KUHAP.” Jurnal Hukum dan Dinamika Masyarakat 21, no. 1 (2023)
Triantono, Muhammad Marizal, “Parameter Keyakinan Hakim Dalam Memutus Perkara Pidana,” Justitia et Pax 37, no. 2 (2021), h. 267-268.
Winardi, Mangiliwati, Tri Wahyuni, “Kedudukan Visum Et Repertum Sebagai Alat Bukti Surat,” Jurnal Verstek 3, no. 1 (2015), h. 64
Peraturan Perundang-Undangan
Republik Indonesia, Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana: Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2025, Jakarta: Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia, 2025.
Republik Indonesia, Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1981 tentang Hukum Acara Pidana. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1981 Nomor 76, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 3209.
Situs dan Sumber Online
Badan Pusat Statistik. “Jumlah Kasus Kejahatan Pembunuhan pada Satu Tahun Terakhir.” Tabel Statistik Hukum dan Kriminal. Dipublikasikan 16 Mei 2024. Diakses 5 Juni 2026.
Badan Pusat Statistik. Statistik Kriminal 2024/2025. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik, 2025. Diakses 4 Juni 2026.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 AL-MUNTAQA: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Bahasa Arab
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
