Kaidah Fikih al-Yaqīn Lā Yazūl bi al-Syak dan Realisasinya terhadap Tangkapan Layar Ponsel sebagai Alat Bukti Pengadilan
The Rule Fiqh of al-Yaqīn Lā Yazū bi al-Syak and Its Realization of Phone Screen Capture as a Court Evidence Tool
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36701/al-qiblah.v4i5.2632Keywords:
Al-Yaqīn, al-Syak, Screen, Mobile, Court.Abstract
This study is part of Fiqh principles (Qawaid Fiqhiyyah), focusing on the second principal rule, al-yaqīn lā yazūl bi al-syak (certainty is not removed by doubt), which serves as an important epistemological safeguard in Islamic law and modern adjudication. The purpose is to analyze the rule's meaning, scope, and realization concerning contemporary issues, specifically the use of phone screen capture (screenshot) as court evidence. Employing a literature review with normative and historical approaches, the research utilizes classical texts, such as al-Asybāh wa al-Naẓāir by As-Suyūṭī, and relevant Indonesian positive law. The results confirm this is a magnificent rule, addressing approximately three-quarters of all Fiqh problems. Fundamentally, it establishes that doubt (which is lower in degree) cannot overturn an established certainty. In the context of the judiciary, this rule accommodates the use of screen captures as evidence, provided they can reach the degree of conviction (al-yaqīn or ghālib al-ẓann) through proper authentication, thereby allowing a judge to accept a lawsuit. This application aligns with Article 5 paragraph (2) of Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions (ITE). The study contributes by providing a normative framework for calibrating the weight of digital evidence, ensuring judicial decisions are based on rational, procedural certainty rather than mere suspicion.
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