Hukum Kontrasepsi Bagi Ibu yang Secara Medis Tidak Boleh Hamil dalam Perspektif Kaidah al-Ḍarar Yudfa’u bi Qadri al-Imkān
Contraceptive Law for Women Medically Advised Against Pregnancy: The Perspective of al-Ḍarar Yudfa’u bi Qadri al-Imkān
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36701/qiblah.v5i3.3706Keywords:
contraception, al-ḍarar yudfa’u bi qadri al-imkān, high-risk pregnancy, Islamic law, legal maximAbstract
This study examines the legal status of contraceptive use for women who are medically advised not to become pregnant and analyzes its application under the fiqh maxim al-ḍarar yudfa’u bi qadri al-imkān, which requires harm to be prevented or reduced to the extent possible. The study is library research using a descriptive-qualitative method with normative and sociological approaches. Data were collected from the Qur’an and hadith, classical and contemporary fiqh works, health literature, and previous studies on contraception and high-risk pregnancy, and were analyzed deductively. The findings show that contraception for spacing or preventing pregnancy is in principle permissible when it serves a legitimate purpose and the selected method is safe, while permanent sterilization is generally prohibited because it permanently removes reproductive capacity, except where a valid necessity is established under applicable legal parameters. When pregnancy poses a medically established serious risk to the mother or fetus, contraceptive use is justified as preventive action and may become obligatory when the danger is severe. The maxim also requires proportionality: harm should be removed completely where possible or minimized through an effective measure that creates no greater harm. This study contributes a fiqh-based framework for assessing contraceptive decisions in high-risk pregnancy by linking medical risk, legal purpose, method safety, and the degree of necessity.
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