شروط صحة صلاة الجمعة عند الشافعية والحنابلة، دراسة مقارنة

Legal Requirements of Friday Prayers (Comparative Study Between Shafi’i School and Hanbali School)

  • Muhammad Yusram Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Islam dan Bahasa Arab (STIBA) Makassar
  • Ariesman Ariesman Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Islam dan Bahasa Arab (STIBA) Makassar
  • Jefri Jefri Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Islam dan Bahasa Arab (STIBA) Makassar
Keywords: friday prayer, hambali, shafii, legal requirement, comparison of schools

Abstract

This study aims to determine the opinions of scholars of the Shafii and Hambali schools regarding the legal requirements for Friday prayers and the legal implications of these differences of opinion. This study uses a deductive and inductive method with a comparative approach. The results of this study indicate that: (1) the conditions for the validity of Friday prayers according to the scholars of the Shafi'i school are the entry of time (after the sun has slipped), carried out in residential areas according to residents' habits, there are forty people who are subject to the obligation of Friday prayers, preceded by two sermons that separated between the two by sitting down, not preceded by another Friday prayer and no Friday prayer being performed at the same time except in a big city and the condition of the people being so large that it is difficult for them to gather (in one place) so that the Friday prayer may be performed in different areas at the same time. While the legal requirements for Friday prayers according to Hanbali scholars are that they may be carried out before the entry of Zuhur time and should be carried out after the entry of Zuhur time, carried out in residential areas according to the habits of the residents, the presence of forty, fifty or thirty congregations (there are mistakes), sermons, as for sitting between two sermons, the law is sunnah and the sermon remains valid without sitting; (2) the legal implication of the difference of opinion between the two schools of thought is that it can affect the legal validity of Friday prayers, namely if there are conditions that are not fulfilled in one of the schools, while these conditions have been fulfilled in other schools.

References

Abū al-Barakāt, Zain al-Dīn al-Munajjā bin ʿUṡmān bin Asʿad bin al-Munajjā al-Tanūkhī. Al-Mumtiʿ fī Syarḥ al-Muqniʿ, vol. I. Al-Ṭabʿah; III. Makkah al-Mukarramah: Maktabah al-asadī, 2003

Abū Dāwūd, Sulaimān bin al-Asyʿaṡ al-Azdī al-Sijistānī. Sunan Abī Dāwūd, vol. I. Al-Ṭabʿah; I. Dār al-Risālah al-ʿĀlamīah, 2009

Abū al-Ḥusain, Muslim bin al-Ḥajjāj al-Qusyairī al-Naisābūrī. Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, vol. II. Al-Ṭabʿah: I. Al-Qāhirah: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāṡ, dūna sanah

Al-Bukhārī, Muḥammad bin Ismāʿīl. Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, vol. II. Al-Qāhirah: dār al-ḥadiṡ, 2004

Al-Dāraquṭnī, Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī bin ʿUmar bin Aḥmad bin Mahdī bin Masʿūd bin al-Nuʿmān bin Dīnār al-Bagdādī. Sunan al-Dāraquṭnī, vol. II. Al-Ṭabʿah; I. Bīrūt: Mu’assasah al-Risālah, 2004

Al-Gazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad bin Muḥammad. Al-Wasīṭ fī al-Mażhab, vol. II. Al-Ṭabʿah; I. Al-Qāhirah: Dār al-Salām, 1997

Ibn Abī Syaibah, Abū Bakr. Al-Muṣannaf fī al-Aḥādīṡ wa al-Āṣār, vol. I. Al-Ṭabʿah: I. Al-Riyāḍ: Maktabah al-Rusyd, 1988

Ibn Mufliḥ, Abū Isḥāq Burhān al-Dīn Ibrāhīm bin Muḥammad bin ʿAbdillāh. Al-Mubdiʿ fī Syarḥ al-Muqniʿ, vol. II. Al-Ṭabʿah; I. Bīrūt: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīah, 1997

Ibn Qudāmah al-Maqdisī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdullāh bin Aḥmad bin Muḥammad. Al-Kāfī fī Fiqh al-Imām Aḥmad, vol. I. Dūna ṭabʿah

Ibn Qudāmah al-Maqdisī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdullāh bin Aḥmad bin Muḥammad. Al-Mugnī lī Ibn Qudāmah, vol. II. Al-Ṭabʿah: I. Maktabah al-Qāhirah, 1968

Imām al-Ḥaramain, ʿAbd al-Malik bin ʿAbdillah bin Yūsuf bin Muḥammad al-Juwainī. Nihāyah al-Maṭlab fī Dirāyah al-Mażhab, vol. II. Al-Ṭabʿah; I. Dār al-Munhāj, 2007

Al-Khiraqī, Abū al-Qāsim ʿUmar bin al-Ḥusain bin ʿAbdillah. Syarḥ Mukhtaṣar al-Khiraqī, vol. LXIII. Dūna ṭabʿah

Al-Māwardī, Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī bin Muḥammad bin Muḥammad bin Ḥabīb al-Baṣrī al-Bagdādī. Al-Ḥāwī al-Kabīr fI Fiqh mażhab al-Imām al-Syāfiʿī wa huwa Syarḥ Mukhtaṣar al-Muzanī, vol. II. Al-Ṭabʿah: I. Bīrūt: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīah, 1999

Al-Māwardī, Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī bin Muḥammad bin Muḥammad bin Ḥabīb al-Baṣrī al-Bagdādī. Al-Iqnāʿ fī al-Fiqh al-Syāfiʿī, vol. I. Dūna ṭabʿah

Muḥammad bin Ibrāhīm bin al-Munżir al-Naisābūrī. Al-Ijmāʿ, vol. I. Al-Ṭabʿah: I. Dār al-Muslim, 2004

Muḥyī al-Sunnah, Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥusain bin Masʿūd bin Muḥammad bin al-Farrā’ al-Bagawī al-Syāfiʿī. al-Tahżīb fī Fiqh al-Imām al-Syāfiʿī, vol. II. Al-Ṭabʿah; I. Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīah, 1997

Muṣṭafā al-Khān wa Zumalā’uh. Al-Fiqh al-Manhajī ʿalā Mażhab al-Imām al-Syāfiʿī, vol. I. Dūna ṭabʿah

Al-Nasā’ī, Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Aḥmad bin Syuʿaib bin ʿAlī al-Khurāsānī. Al-sunan al-Ṣugrā lī al-Nasā’ī, vol. III. Al-Ṭabʿah: II. Ḥalab: Maktab al-Maṭbūʿāt al-Islāmīah, 1986

Al-Nawawī, Abū Zakarīa Muḥyī al-Dīn Yaḥyā bin Syaraf. Rauḍah al-Ṭālibīn wa ʿUmdah al-Muftīn, vol. II. Al-Ṭabʿah; III. Bīrūt: Al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1991

Al-Nawawī, Abū Zakarīa Muḥyī al-Dīn Yaḥyā bin Syaraf. Al-Majmūʿ Syarḥ al-Muhażżab, vol. IV. Dūna ṭabʿah

Al-Qur’ān al-Karīm

Sāmī bin Muḥammad bin Jād Allāh. Al-Ikhtiyārāt al-Fiqhīah lī Syaikh alIslām Ibn Taimīah ladā Talāmīżih, vol. I. Al-Ṭabʿah; I. Makkah al-Mukarramah: Dār ʿĀlam al-Fawā’id, 2013

Al-Syāfiʿī, Abū ʿAbdillah Muḥammad bin Idris. Al-Umm, vol. I. Dūna ṭabʿah

Al-Syāfiʿī, Abū ʿAbdillah Muḥammad bin Idris. Musnad al-Imām al-Syāfiʿī, vol. II. Al-Ṭabʿah; II. Al-Kuwait: Syarikah Garās, 2004

Al-Syaibānī, Abū ʿAbdillāh Aḥmad bin Muḥammad bin Ḥanbal bin Hilāl bin Asad. Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad bin Ḥanbal, vol. XXIV. Al-Ṭabʿah: I. Mu’assasah al-Risālah, 2001

Syams al-Dīn Muḥammad bin ʿAbdillah al-Zarkasyī al-Miṣrī al-Ḥanbalī. Syarḥ al-Zarkasyī, vol. II. Al-Ṭabʿah; I. Dār al-ʿUbaikān, 1993

Syams al-Dīn Abū al-Faraj, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān bin Muḥammad bin Aḥmad bin Qudāmah al-maqdisī. Al-Syarḥ al-Kabīr ʿalā Matn al-Muqniʿ, vol. II. Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, dūna sanah

Taqī al-Dīn al-Syāfiʿī, Abū Bakr bin Muḥammad. Kifāyah al-Akhyār fī Ḥall Gāyah al-Ikhtiṣār, vol. I. Dūna ṭabʿah

Al-Ṭayyār, ʿAbdullāh bin Muḥammad bin Aḥmad. Wabal al-Gamāmah fī Syarḥ ʿUmdah al-Fiqh lī Ibn Qudāmah, vol. I. Al-Ṭabʿah; I. Al-Riyāḍ: Dār al-Waṭn, 2010

Al-ʿUṡaimīn, Muḥammad bin Ṣāliḥ bin Muḥammad. Al-Syarḥ al-Mumtiʿ ʿalā Zād al-Mustaqniʿ, vol. VI. Al-Ṭabʿah; I. Dār Ibn al-Jauzī, 2007

Published
2022-04-14
Statistic
Viewed: 252
Downloaded: 511