Penerapan Had Zina pada Muhṣan dan Gairu Muhṣan Menurut Mazhab Syafii dan Hambali

The Implementation of Ḥad Punishment for Adultery on Muḥṣan and Ghayr Muḥṣan According to the Shafi‘i and Hambali Schools of Thought

Authors

  • Nurvilla Paputungan Institut Agama Islam STIBA Makassar, Indonesia
  • Mukran H. Usman Institut Agama Islam STIBA Makassar, Indonesia
  • Ridwan Institut Agama Islam STIBA Makassar, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36701/mabsuth.v1i2.2553

Keywords:

Zina punishment,married offender, unmarried offender, syafii school, hanbali school

Abstract

Zina (fornication or adultery) in Islamic law is an act that entails specific legal consequences under ḥadd (fixed) punishments, ranging from lighter penalties such as lashing to more severe ones like stoning. In its legal application, Islamic jurisprudence differentiates between offenders who are muḥṣan (previously married) and ghairu muḥṣan (never married). This study aims to: first, examine how the ḥadd punishment for zina is implemented for muḥṣan and ghairu muḥṣan individuals based on the Shāfi‘ī and Ḥanbalī schools. Second, to explore the methods of legal derivation (istinbāṭ al-ḥukm) employed by both schools in determining such applications. This is a library research (literature-based study), using normative and comparative approaches. The findings reveal two key points: first, the Shāfi‘ī school stipulates that the ḥadd punishment can only be enforced when four just male witnesses directly observe the act of zina. In contrast, the Ḥanbalī school considers it sufficient for the offender to confess voluntarily and without coercion, four times before a judge. Second, the Shāfi‘ī method of legal reasoning is based predominantly on a textual reading of the Qur'an, while the Ḥanbalī school prioritizes hadith, particularly those reflecting the Prophet’s practice in zina cases. The conclusion demonstrates that the Shāfi‘ī and Ḥanbalī schools differ in both the application of ḥadd punishments and their methodologies of legal derivation. The implications of this research contribute to the scholarly development of comparative Islamic jurisprudence and serve as a reference for future studies.

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Adriati, Desy. Sanksi Hukum Adat bagi Pelaku Zina Muhson Ditinjau Menurut Hukum Islam. Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau Pekanbaru, 2020.

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Published

2025-09-09