Kritik Sanad Hadis Khitan Terhadap Perempuan sebagai Kehormatan

Criticism of Sanad of Hadith Relating Woman Circumcision as Honor

  • Abdul Rahman Sakka Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Alauddin Makassar
Keywords: sanad, hadith, circumcision, makrūmah, weak

Abstract

Hadith relating to woman circumcision as honor used as the argument in the MUI fatwa number 9a of 2008 has received a lot of criticisms. Thus,  it is important to re-research as a form of follow-up to the previous research. This research is a research library with critical analytical methods on the hadith sanad with the aim of knowing with certainly the quality and quantity of hadith and its authenticity. Based on the results of the study, it was found that there were ten transmission routes listed by the four mukharrij rulers; that is; Ahmad bin Hanbal, Ibn Abi Syaibah, al-Tabrani, and al-Baihaqi. Of the ten lines of transmission, seven are hadiths marf'u and three lines of hadith mauqū f. In terms of quantity ('adad al-ṭuruq), this hadith is classified as a famous hadith because it is narrated by a minimum of four narrators in each sanad ṭabaqah (level). Meanwhile, in terms of quality, this hadith is defined as a very weak hadith (ḍa'īf jiddan) because of the inherent defects involved in the narration. Thus it cannot be used as the main argument to justify circumcision against women and also cannot be used as an argument for woman circumcision for reasons of honor. This hadith can only be a reinforcement of the authentic and hasan traditions which talk about female circumcision. The inclusion of this hadith in the MUI fatwa as the main argument for justifying circumcision for women needs to be reviewed considering that this hadith is very weak..

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abd. al-Hadi, Abu Muhammad Abd al-Hadi bin Abd al-Qadir. Ṭuruq Takhrīj Ḥadīs Rasulillah. Al-Qāhirah ā: Dār al-‘Itiṣām, tth.

______.‘Ilm al-Jarḥ wa al-Ta’dīl; Qawā’iduh wa Aimmatuh. Al-Qāhirah: tp, 1998.

Al-Arnut, Bassyar ‘Awwad Ma’ruf wa Syu’aib. Taḥrīr Taqrīb al-Tahzīb, Jilid 2, Cet. I. Beirut: Muassasah a-Risālah, 1997.

Al-Asari, Ikram bin Muhammad Ziyadah al-Faluji. Al-Mu’jam al-Ṣagīr li Ruwāt al-Imām Ibn Jarīr al-Ṭabari. tk: Dār al-As’ariyah, tth.

Al-Asbahani, Ahmad bin Abdullah bin Ahmad bin Ishaq bin Mahran (w. 430). Ma’rifah al-Ṣahābat. Riyād: Dār al-Waṭan, 1998.

Al-Asbahani, Abu Bakar Ahmad bin Ali bin Manjuwaih (347-428 H). Rijāl Ṣahīḥ Muslim, Jilid 2. Beirut: Dār al-Marifah, tth.

Al-Syaibani, Abu Abdillah Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Hanbal bin Hilal bin Asad (164-241 H). Musnad Ahmad bin al-Ḥanbal, no. hadis 20719, Jilid 34 Cet. I. Beirut: Mu’assasah al-Risālah, 1994.

Al-‘Azami, Muhammad Mustafa. Manhaj al-Naqd ‘Inda al-Muḥaddisīn: Manhajuh wa Tarīkhu. Riyāḍ: Dār al-Kauṣar: 1990.

Al-Asqalani, Ahmad bin Ali bin Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Ali bin Hajar al-Misri al-Syafi’i (773-852 H). Taqrīb al-Tahzib. tk: Dār al-Asimah, tth.

______. Ṭabaqāt al-Mudallisīn. Maktabah al-Manar: al-Zarqa, tth.

______. Lisān al-Mizān, Jilid 8, Cet. I. Beirut: Dār al-Basyair, 1992.

Al-Haq, Ikramullah Imdad. Al-Imām ‘Ali al-Madīni wa Manhajuh fi Naqd al-Rijāl. Makkah: Dār al-Basyāir al-Islamiyah, tth.

Al-Baihaqi, Abu Bakar Ahmad bin al-Husain bin Ali (w.458 H). Al-Sunan al-Kubrā, Jilid 8. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah, 2003.

Al-Bagawi, Abu al-Qasim Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Abd al-‘Aziz (w. 217 H). Mu’jam al-Ṣaḥābat, Jilid 3 (Kuwait: Dār al-Bayān, tth.

Al-Bukhari, Abu Abdillah Muhammad bin Ismail. (w.194-256 H). Kitāb al-Ḍu’afā al-Ṣagīr. Beirut: Dār al-Ma’rifah, 1986.

Al-Daraqutni, Abu al-Hasan Ali bin Umar al-Dāraqutni al-Bagdadi (w.385 H). Al-Ḍu’afā wa al-Matrūkīn. Riyad: Maktabah al-Ma’ārif, 1984.

Al-‘Ijli, Abu al-Hasan Ahmad bin Abdullah bin Salih al-Kufi (182-261 H). Ma’rifah al-Tsiqāt min Rijāl Ahl al-‘Ilm wa al-Ḥadīs wa min al-Ḍu’afā wa Zikr Mazāhibim wa Akhbārihim, Jilid 1. Al-Qāhirah: Matba’ah al-Madani, tth.

Al-Jauzi, Jamaluddin Abu al-Faraj Abdurrahman bin Ali bin Muhammad. Kitāb al-ḍu’afā wa al-Matrūkīn, Jilid 1. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah, 1986.

Al-Kalabazi, Abu Nasr Ahmad bin Muhammad bin al-Husain al-Bukhari (323-397 H). Rijāl Ṣaḥiḥ al-Bukhāri, Jilid 2. Beirut: Dār al-Marifah, 1987.

Al-Mizzi, Jamaluddin Abu al-Hajjaj Yusuf (654-742 H). Tahzīb al-Kamāl fi Asma al-Rijāl, Jilid, 10, 34, Cet. II. Beirut: Muassasah al-Risālah, 1992.

Al-Namari, Abu Umar Yusuf bin Abdullah bin Abd al-Barr al-Qurtubi (w. 463 H), Al-Isti’āb fī Ma’rifah al-Aṣḥāb (Ammān: Dār al-‘Ilam, 2002.

Al-Nasai, Abu Abdirrahman Ahmad bin Syuaib (w. 303). Kitāb al-Du’afā wa al-Matrūkīn. Beirut: Muassasah al-Kutub al-S|aqafah, 1985.

Al-Razi, Abu Muhammad Abdurrahman bin Abi Hatim Muhammad bin Idris bin al-Munzir al-Tamimi al-Razi (w. 327 H). Kitāb al-Jarḥ wa al-Ta’dīl, Jilid 9. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-Ilmiah, 1953.

Al-Tahhan, Mahmud. Uṣūl al-Takhrīj wa Dirāsah al-Asānid. Riyād: Maktabah al-Ma’arif, 1991.

______. Taisīr Muṣṭalaḥ al-Ḥadīs. Al-Iskandāriyah: Markaz al-Hady li al-Dirāsat, 1415 H.

Al-Tabrani, Abu al-Qasim Sulaiman bin Ahmad bin Ayyub (260-360 H). Al-Mu’jam al-Kabīr, Jilid 7, 11, 12. Al-Qāhirah: Maktabah Ibn Taimiyah, tth.

Al-Tamimi, Muhammad bin Hibban bin Ahmad Abu Hatim (w. 354 H). Kitāb al-S{iqāt, Jilid 9. Hindi: Maktabah Dār al-Ma’ārif, 1973.

______.Kitāb al-Majrūḥīn inda al-Muḥaddisīn wa al-Ḍu’afā wa al-Matrūkīn, Jilid 3. Beirut: Dār al-Marifah, 1992.

Al-‘Uqaily, Abu Ja’far Muhammad bin Amru bin Musa bin Hammad (w.322 H). Kitāb al-Ḍu’afa, Jilid 1, 2. Riyād: Dār al-Sami’i, 2000.

Al-Suyuti, Jalaluddin (w. 911 H). Kitāb Asmā al-Mudallisīn. Beirut: Dār al-Jail, 1992.

Al-Qattan, Manna’. Mabāḥis fi ‘Ulūm al-Ḥadīs. Al-Qāhirah: Maktabah Wahbah, 1992.

Al-Zuhri, Muhammad bin Saad bin Mun’i al-Zuhri (w. 230 H). Kitāb Ṭabaqāt al-Kubrā, Jilid 9. Al-Qāhirah: Maktabah al-Khanji, 2001.

Al-Zahabi, Syamsuddin Abu Abdillah Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Usman bin Qaimaz (673-748 H). Tazhīb Tahzīb al-Kamāl fi Asma al-Rijāl, Jilid 10, Cet. I. Al-Qāhirah: al-Farūq al-Hadīsiyah, 2004

______. Mizān al-‘Itidāl fi Naqd al-Rijāl, Jilid 2, 7, Cet I. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah, 1995.

______. Al-Mugni fi al-Ḍu’afā. Qatar: Idārah Iḥya al-Turas, tth.

______. Siyar al-‘Alām al-Nubalā, Jilid 14, Cet. III. Beirut: Muassasah al-Risalah, 1983.

______. Dīwān al-Ḍu’afā wa al-Matrūkin, Cet. II. Mekkah: Maktabah al-Nahdah al-Hadīsiyah, tth.

Amin, Kamaruddin. Menguji Kembali Keakuratan Metode Kritik Hadis. Jakarta: Hikmah, 2009.

Fadhli, Ashabul. “Meramu Ketentuan Hukum Islam Terkait Khitan Perempuan” JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah) 14, no. 1 (2016): 59, https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v14i1.296. 47-61

Ibn Abi Syaibah, Abu Bakar Abdullah bin Muhammad al-Kufi (w.235 H). Al-Kitāb al-Muṣannaf fi al-Aḥādīs wa al-Asār, Jilid 5, Cet. I. Beirut: Dar al-Tāj, 1989.

Ismail, Syuhudi. Metodologi Penelitian Hadis Nabi. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1992.

Jha, Preeti,”Southeast Asia’s Hidden Female Genital Mutilation Challenge”. The Diplomat, August,21, 2019. https://thediplomat.com/2019/08/southeast-asias-hidden-female-genital-mutilation-challenge/. Diakses pada 17 September 2020

Juned, Daniel. Ilmu Hadis; Paradigma Baru dan Rekonstruksi Ilmu Hadis. Tk: Erlangga, 2010.

Majelis Ulama Indonesia, “Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia no. 9a tahun 2008 tentang Hukum Pelarangan Khitan Terhadap Perempuan”. http://mui.or.id/wp-content/uploads/files/fatwa/29.-Hukum-Pelarangan-Khitan-Terhadap-Perempuan.pdf

Nurasiah, “Khitan Dalam Literatur Hadis Hukum.” AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, XV, no.1 (Januari 2019): 93 https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v15i1.2851. 81-94.

Oktavira, Bernadetha Aurelia. “Legalitas Sunat Perempuan di Indonesia”, Hukum Online.com.19Februari 2020. https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/detail/ lt5004324178331/legalitas-sunat-perempuan-di-indonesia/. Diakses pada 17 September 2020

Sakka, Abdul Rahman. “Salat Sunah Enam Rakaat Setelah Magrib: Studi Kritik Hadis.” Al-Azhar Islamic Law Review 2, no. 1 (Januasri 2020): 4 https://doi.org/10.37146/ailrev.v2i1.32. 1-13

Sayyidah, Nurma. “Hadis Tentang Hukum Khitan Perempuan (Kajian Sanad Dan Matan).” Jurnal Studi Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Hadis 17, no. 1 (Januari 2016): 147 https://doi.org/10.14421/qh.2016.1701-07. 147-160

Sholeh, M. Asrorun Ni’am, “Fatwa MUI Tentang Khitan Perempuan,” AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah XII, no. 2 (Juli 2012): 44 https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v12i2.964. 35-46

Rosyid, Moh. “Hadis Khitan Pada Perempuan: Kajian Kritik Matan Sebagai Upaya Mengakhiri Diskriminasi Gender.” Riwayah : Jurnal Studi Hadis 6 no. 1 (2020): 36 https://doi.org/10. 21043/riwayah.v6i1.6869. 19-38

United Nations, “Ending Female Genital Mutilation by 2030”, https://www.un.org/en/observances/female-genital-mutilation-day. Diakses pada 4 November 2020

Yusram, Muhammad. “Hukum Meriwayatkan Dan Mengamalkan Hadis Daif Untuk Fadhail Al-A’mal.” Nukhbatul ’Ulum 3 no. 1 (2017): 5, https://doi.org/10.36701/nukhbah.v3i1.17. 1-11

Zamzami, Mukhammad. “Perempuan Dan Narasi Kekerasan: Analisis Hukum Dan Medis Sirkumsisi Perempuan.” Asy-Syir’ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari’ah Dan Hukum 51, no. 1 (Juni 2017): 53, doi.org/10.14421/asy syir'ah.2017.511.53-78

Fadhli, Ashabul. “Meramu Ketentuan Hukum Islam Terkait Khitan Perempuan” JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah) 14, no. 1 (2016): 59, https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v14i1.296. 47-61

Nurasiah, “Khitan Dalam Literatur Hadis Hukum.” AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, XV, no.1 (Januari 2019): 93 https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v15i1.2851. 81-94

Published
2021-06-11
Statistic
Viewed: 456
Downloaded: 542
How to Cite
Abdul Rahman Sakka. (2021). Kritik Sanad Hadis Khitan Terhadap Perempuan sebagai Kehormatan . NUKHBATUL ’ULUM: Jurnal Bidang Kajian Islam, 7(1), 99-118. https://doi.org/10.36701/nukhbah.v7i1.324