Perkembangan Paradigma Ulama terhadap Kajian Fitrah dalam Maqāṣid al-Syarī‘ah
The Development Ulamma’s Paradigm about the Concept of Fitrah in Maqāṣid al-Syarī‘ah
Abstract
This study describes the concept of fitrah and explains the development of ulama's paradigm of the concept of fitrah within the study of maqāṣid al-syarī’ah. This normative legal research presents the perspectives of the ulamas about this discourse. Content analysis was performed to identify the data based on several characteristics and different periods. The research concluded that fitrah meant the natural nature of creation in the form of inherent potential within human beings since their creation, distinguishing them from other creatures and guiding them towards embracing goodness and Shari'a. Furthermore, it was found that the paradigm regarding the position of fitrah in maqāṣid al-syarī’ah developed alongside the evolution of maqāṣid. The development can be classified into three periods. In the first period, fitrah filled the gaps between the nas in the legal development and it became a supporting argument. In the second period, fitrah was viewed in a broader perspective where it became the basis for the development of maqāṣid al-syarī'ah. In the last period, fitrah was understood as maqāṣid al-syarī'ah as the general purpose of the law or maqāṣid, which underlies almost all of the laws that the implementation is in accordance with sunnatullāh. The In-depth understanding of fitrah in maqāṣid al-syarī’ah directs to determine, choose and implement the law properly based on the human nature.
Downloads
References
Al-Qur’an al-Karīm
Abd al-Haq bin Galib bin Abd al-Raman bin Tamām bin Atiyyah. Al-Muharrar al-Wajīz fi Tafsīr al-Kitāb al-’Azīz. Edited by Abd al-Salām Abd al-Syāfi Muhammad. 1st ed. 4. Bairūt: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1422.
Abd al-Malik bin Abdullah al-Juwainī. Al-Burhān fī Usḥūl al-Fiqh. Edited by Ṣalāḥ bin Muhammad bin ’UwaiḌah. 2. Bairūt: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1997.
Abd al-Wahhab Khallaf. Ilm Uṣūl al-Fiqh. 2nd ed. Jeddah: Al-Harmaini, 2004.
Abid, Najibah. “Al-Fitrah Ind Al-Imām Ṭahir Bin ’Asyūr.” Majallah al-Ihyā 16, no. 1 (2016): 259–78. https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/article/10434.
Ahmad al-Raisuni. Naẓariyāt al-Maqāṣid ’inda al-Imām Al-Syaṭibi. 1st ed. Virginia: al-Ma’had al-Alī li al-Fikr al-Islāmī, 1995.
Ahmad bin Faris bin Zakariya. Mu’jam Maqāyīs al-Lugah. Edited by Abd al-Salam Muhammad Hārūn. 4. Bairūt, 1989.
Al-Fasi, ’Allal. Maqāṣid al-Syarī’ah al-Islāmiah wa Makārimuhā. 5th ed. Maroko Dār al-Garb al-Islāmī, 1993.
Al-Jazeerah. “Ilāl Al-Fāsi.” Al-Jazeerah, 2014. https://www.aljazeera.net/encyclopedia/icons/2014/11/21/.
Al-Qaraḍāwī, Yūsuf. Al-Halāl wa al-Harām fi al-Islām. 1st ed. Kairo: Maktabah Wahbah, 2012.
———. Al-Dīn fi Aṣr al-Ilm. Kairo: Maktabah Wahbah, 2001.
———. Fiqh al-Ginā’ wa al-Mūsīqī fi Ḍaui al-Qur’an wa Al-Sunnah. Kairo: Maktabah Wahbah, 2006.
———. Fiqh al-Zakāh. 2nd ed. Muassasah al-Risālah, 1973.
———. Malāmih al-Mujma’ Al-Muslim Nunsyiduh. Kairo: Maktabah Wahbah, 2012.
Al-Syāṭibī. Al-Muwāfaqāt. 1. Bairūt: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 2004.
Al-Tirmizi, Muhammad bin ’Isa. Sunan Al-Tirmizī. 4. Dar al-Garb al-Islāmī, 1998.
Al-Zabidi, Muhammad Murtada al-Husaini. Tāj Al-’Urūs Min Jawāhir Al-Qāmūs. 3. Bairūt: Dar Maktabah al-Hayāh, 1306.
Ali Hasibuan, and Muhammad Nashir. “Gantikan Yūsuf Qardhawi, Dr Al-Raisuni Jadi Ketua Persatuan Ulama Sedunia - Suara Muslim.” Suaramuslim.Net, 2018. https://suaramuslim.net/gantikan-Yūsuf-qardhawi-dr-al-raisuni-jadi-ketua-persatuan-ulama-sedunia/.
Atiyyah, Jamal al-Din. Nahwa al-Tafā’il Maqāṣid al-Syari’ah. Damsyik: Dār al-Fikr, 2001.
Auda, Jasser. Maqāṣid al-Syari’ah inda al-Syaikh Al-Qaraḍāwī. Doha, 2007.
———. Membumikan Hukum Islam Melalui Maqasih. Translated by Rosidin and Āli ’Abd Al-Mun’im. Bandung: Mizan, 2008.
Chamim Tohari. “Pemikiran Teori Hukum Islam Imam Al-Juwaynī.” Al-Maslahah Jurnal Ilmu Syarī’ah 12, no. 1 (2016): 1–22. http://jurnaliainpontianak.or.id/index.php/Almaslahah/article/view/338.
Faizin, Darul. “Kontribusi Mummad Al-Tahīr Ibnu ’Asyūr Tarhadap Maqāṣid Al-Syarī’ah” 11, no. 1 (2021): 1–12. doi:https://doi.org/10.23971/elma.v11i1.2067.
Hisyam Osama Munawwar. “Al-Fitrah Fī Ḍaui Maṣādir Al-Tarsyrī’ Al-Islāmi Wa Maqāṣiduh.” Jami’ah Damsyik, 2005.
Ibnu Abd al-Barr. Al-Tamhīd Limā fi al-Muwaṭa’ min al-Ma’āni wa Al-Asānīd. 18. Maroko: Wazarah Umūm al-Awqāf wa Syu’ūn al-Islāmiyah, 1387.
Ibnu Manzur. Lisān al-Arab. 5. Bairut: Dar Ṣādir, 1306.
Ibnu Qayyim al-Jauziyah. ’Ilām Al-Muwāqi’īn an Rabb Al-’Alamīn. 1st ed. 3. Bairūt: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1991.
———. Ahkām Ahl al-Zimmah. 1st ed. 2. Damam: Ramādi li al-Nasyar, 1997.
Indra. “Maqāṣid Syarī’ah Menurut Muhammad Thahir Bin Āsyūr.” Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatra Utara, 2016. https://drive.wps.com/d/ANxjamCko-gboMioxIydFA%0A[Berkas]Maqāṣid Syarī’ah menurut Muhammad Thahir bin Āsyūr.pdf.
Isma’il al-Hasani. Naẓariyat al-Maqāṣid ind al-Imām Muhammad Tahir Ibn ’Asyūr. 1st ed. Virginia: al-Ma’had al-Āalī li al-Fikr al-IslĀmī, 1995.
Ismail bin Umar bin Katsir. Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-’Aẓīm. Bairūt: Dār al-Andalūs, 1996.
Izz al-Din Abd al-Aziz bin Abd al-Salam. Qawāid l-Ahkām fi Maṣālih al-Anām. Edited by Ṭahā Abd-Raūf Sa’ad. 1. Bairūt: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1991.
Jetta, Yasin. “Pemikiran Hukum Islam Ibnu Taimiyah.” Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir’ah 8, no. 2 (2010): 437–58. doi:10.30984/as.v8i2.19.
Johari, J. “Konsep Maslahah Izzudin Ibn Abdi Salam: Telaah Kitab Qawa`id Al-Ahkam Limashalih Al-Anam.” Epistemé: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman 8, no. 1 (2013). doi:10.21274/epis.2013.8.1.69-88.
Misbahuzzulam, and Muhammad Rizki Febrian. “KONSEP MAQĀṢID AL-SYARĪ’AH DALAM MENJAGA FITRAH ANAK.” Al-Majaalis : Jurnal Dirasat Islamiyah 7, no. 1 (2019): 73–116.
Muhammad al-Tahir bin ’Āsyūr. Al-Tahrīr wa al-Tanwīr. 21. Tunisia: Dār al-Tunīsiyah, 1984.
———. “Maqaṣid Al-Syarī’ah Al-Islāmiyah.” Bairut: Dār al-Kitāb al-Libnānī, 2011.
Muhammad bin Ahmad al-Qurṭubī. Al-Jāmi’ li Ahkām al-Qur’ān. 14. Bairūt: Dār al-Fikr, 1414.
Muhammad bin Ahmad Mas’ud al-Yubi. Maqāṣid al-Syarī’ah al-Islāmiyah wa ’Alāqatuhā bi al-Adillah al-Syar’iyah. Translated by Rosidin and Ali bin Abd al-Mun’im. 1st ed. Riyād, 2015.
Muhammad bin Ismail al-Bukhari. الجامع المسند الصحيح المختصر من أمور رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وسننه وأيامه = صحيح البخاري. 3rd ed. 9. Bairut: Dar Tauq al-Najah, 2001.
Muhammad bin Jarir al-Tabari. Jāmi’ Al-Bayān ’an Ta’wīl Āyi Al-Qur’ān. Bairūt: Dār al-Fikr, 1988.
Muhammad Lutfi Hakim. “Pergeseran Paradigma Maqasid Al-Syari’ah Dari Klasik Sampai Kontemporer.” Al-Manahij 10, no. 1 (2016). doi:https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v10i1.913.
Na’mah, Ulin. “Ibn Qayyim Al-Jauziah Dan Pendapatnya Tentang Tradisi Kalam.” Universum 9, no. 1 (2015). doi:10.30762/universum.v9i1.75.
Nikmah, Lutfiyatun. “Penafsiran Ṭāhir Ibn ‘Āsyūr Terhadap Ayat-Ayat Tentang Demokrasi: Kajian Atas Tafsir Al-Taḥrīr Wa Al-Tanwīr.” Journal of Islamic Studies and Humanities 2, no. 1 (2017): 79–103. doi:10.21580/jish.21.2517.
Nur, Abdullah. “Ibnu Sina: Pemikiran Fisafatnya Tentang Al-Fayd, Al-Nafs, Al-Nubuwwah, Dan Al-Wujûd.” HUNAFA: Jurnal Studia Islamika 6, no. 1 (2009): 105. doi:10.24239/jsi.v6i1.123.105-116.
Nur al-Din bin Mukhtar al-Khadami. Ilm Al-Maqāṣid Al-Syar’iyah. Riyād: Maktabah al-’Abīkān, 1421.
Rauhi al-Ba’lambaki. Al-Maurudi Al-Mufahras Li Alfāẓil Al-Qur’ān. 1st ed. Bairūt: Dar al-"ilm li al-Milādiyīn, 1999.
Taqyuddin Abu al-‘Abbās Ibnu Taimiyyah al-Harāni. Naqd Al-Manṭiq. Kairo: Maktabah al-Sunnah al-Muhammadiyah, 1951.
Tarmizi M. Jakfar. Otoritas Sunnah Non-Tasyi’iyyah Menurut Yūsuf Al-Qaradhawi. 1st ed. Jokjakarta: Ar-Ruzz Media, 2011.
Wahbah al-Zuhaili. Uṣūl al-Fiqh al-Islāmī. 2nd ed. Bairūt: Dār al-Fikr, 1986.
Zatadini, Nabila, and Syamsuri Syamsuri. “Konsep Maqāṣid Syarī’ah Menurut Al-Syāṭibī Dan Kontribusinya Dalam Kebijakan Fiskal.” AL-FALAH : Journal of Islamic Economics 3, no. 2 (2018): 1. doi:10.29240/alfalah.v3i2.587.
Viewed: 199
Downloaded: 327
Copyright (c) 2023 Muhammad Tahmid Nur, Syamsuddin Syamsuddin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
