Tinjauan Fikih Jinayah Terhadap Konsekuensi Zina dalam KUHP Tahun 1946 dan No. 01 Tahun 2023

A Review of Islamic Criminal Jurisprudence on the Consequences of Adultery in the 1946 Criminal Code and No. 01 of 2023

  • Aditya Renaldi Yasdin Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Islam dan Bahasa Arab (STIBA) Makassar
  • Rapung Rapung Universitas Muhammadiyah (UNISMUH) Makassar, Indonesia
  • Irsyad Rafi Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Islam dan Bahasa Arab (STIBA) Makassar, Indonesia
Keywords: Fiqh Jinayah, Constitution, Adultery, Criminal Code

Abstract

This research aims to understand the Islamic perspective and the laws related to the definition of adultery, as well as a review of jinayah jurisprudence on the consequences of adultery in the Criminal Code of 1946 and No. 01 of 2023. This research is qualitative with a normative juridical approach, using library research methods by collecting books or references related to the research. The results show that, first, adultery in the perspective of jinayah jurisprudence has a different definition from Article 284 of the 1946 Criminal Code, which considers adultery as intercourse committed only by those who are married. Meanwhile, adultery according to Article 411 of the 2023 Criminal Code has the same meaning as the perspective of jinayah jurisprudence, which is intercourse committed by those who are either married or unmarried. Second, the review of jinayah jurisprudence on the consequences of adultery in the 1946 Criminal Code and No. 01 of 2023 is not accepted, because the imposition of sanctions for the crime of adultery must consider stronger evidence. Jinayah jurisprudence differentiates the consequences of adultery into two: stoning for those who are married, and one hundred lashes and one year of exile for those who are not married. The 1946 Criminal Code punishes perpetrators of adultery with a maximum prison sentence of 9 months for those who are married. Meanwhile, Article 411 does not differentiate the marital status of the perpetrator and punishes with a maximum prison sentence of 1 year or a fine of up to 10 million rupiahs. In the case of cohabitation, the penalty is a maximum of 6 months in prison or a fine of up to 10 million rupiahs. If adultery is committed with a family member, the prison sentence can reach 10 years. This research provides insights for students and the public about the limits and legal consequences of adultery from the perspective of jinayah jurisprudence and the Criminal Code.

References

Al-Qur’an al-Karim dan Terjemahnya.
Buku:
‘An, Muh}ammad Ami>n al-Syahi>r Bibn. H{a>syiyah Raddu al-Muh}ta>r ‘Ala al-Da>r al-Mukhta>r. Juz 4. Cet. II. Mis}r: Syarikah Maktabah wa Mat}ba’ah Mus}t}afa> al-Ba>bi> al-H{ilbi>, 1386 H/ 1966 M.
al-Baihaqi>, Abu> Bakr Ah}mad bin Al-H{usain bin ‘Ali>. al-Sunan al-Kubra>. Juz 3. Cet. III. Bairu>t: Da>r al-Kutub al-‘Alamiyyah, 1423 H/2003 M.
al-Bukha>ri>, Muh}ammad bin Isma>’i>l bin Ibra>hi>m bin al-Mugi>ra Ibn Bardizbah. S}ah}ih} al-Bukha>ri>. Juz 6. Mis}r: al-Sult}a>niyah, 1311 H/1893 M.
al-Fairu>za>ba>da, Mujid al-Di>n Abu> T{a>hir Muh}ammad bin Ya’qu>b. al-Qa>mu>s al-Muh}i>t}. Cet. VIII; Bairu>t: Muassasah al-Risalah lit}t}iba>’ah wa al-Nasyr wa al-Tauzi<>’, 1426 H/2005 M.
al-H{anafi>, ‘Ala>u al-Di>n Abu Bakr bin Mas’u>d al-Ka>sa>ni>. Bada>i’ al-S{ana>i’ Fi> Tarti>b al-Syara>i’. Juz 7. Cet. I; Mis}r: Mat}ba’ah al-Jama>liyah, 1327 H/1906 M.
al-H{anafi>, ‘Us|ma>n bin ‘Ali> al-Zaila’i>>. Tabyi>n al-Haqa>iq Syarh} Kanz al-Daqa>iq wa H{a>syiyah al-Syilbiyyi. Juz 3. Cet. I. al-Qa>hira: al-Mat}ba’ah al-Kubra al-Ami>riyyah, 1314 H/1893 M.
al-Isla>miyyah, Majallah al-Buh}u>s\. al-Ria>sah al-‘Ara>ti al-Buh{u>s\ al-‘A wa al-Da’wah wa al-Irsya>d. Juz 84. t.t.p.: t.p., 1433 H/ 2012 M.
al-Madani>, Ma>lik bin Anas bin Ma>lik bin ‘A. al-Mudawwanah. Juz 4. Cet. I. t.t.p.: Da>r al-Kutub al-‘Alamiyyah, 1415 H/1994 M.
al-Ma>liki>, Muh}ammad ibn ‘Abdillah al-Khirasyi>. Syarh Mukhtas}ar al-Khali>l. Juz 8. Cet. I. Bairu>t: Da>r al-Fikr, t.th.
al-Muallifi>n, Majmu>’ah min. al-Fiqh al-Muyassar fi> D}aui al-Kita>bi wa al-Sunnah. Juz 1. t.t.p.: Majma’ al-Malik Fahd lit}}t}iba>’ati al-Mus}h}af al-Syari>f, 1424 H/2003 M.
al-Naysa>bu>ri>, Abu al-H{usain Muslim bin al-H{ajja>j bin Muslim al-Qusyairi>. al-Ja>mi’ al-S{ah{i>h. Juz 5. Turki>: Da>r al-At}ibba>’ah al-‘A al-Quddu>ri>, Abu al-H{usain Ah{mad bin Muh}ammad bin Ja’far al-Bagda>di>. al-Tajri>d lil Qudu>ri>. Juz 11. Cet. II. al-Qa>hira: Da>r al-Isla>m, 1427 H/2006 M.
al-Rab’i>, ‘Ali> bin Muh}ammad. al-Ttabs}irah. Juz 13. Cet. I. Qatr: Wiza>ratul Awqa>f wa al-Syuun al-Isla>miyah, 1432 H/2011 M.
al-Syarbi>ni>, Syamsu al-Di>n Muh}ammad bin Muh}ammad al-Khat}i>b. Mugni> al-Muh}ta>j ila> Ma’rifah Ma’a>ni> Alfa>z} al-Minha>j. Juz 5. Cet. I. t.t.p.: Da>r al-Kutub al-‘Alamiyyah, 1415 H/1994 M.
al-Tirmiz|i>, Abu ‘I>>. Juz 4. Cet. I. t.t.p. Da>r al-Risa>lah al-‘A>limiyyah, 1430 H/2009 M.
al-T{iyya>r, ‘Abdullah bin Muh}ammad. al-Fiqh al-Muyassar. Cet. I. al-Riya>d}: Da>r al-Wat}n, 1432 H/2011 M.
al-‘Us\aimi>n, Muh}ammad bin S{a>lih} bin Muh}ammad. al-Zawa>j. t.t.p.: Mada>r al-Wat}n, 1425 H/2004 M.
al-Yamani>, Muh{ammad bin ‘Ali> bin Muh{ammad bin ‘Abdillah al-Syauka>ni>. Irsya>d al-Fuh}u>l ila> Tah}qi>q al-H{aq min ‘Ilm al-Usu>l. Juz 1. Cet. I; t.t.p: Da>r al-Kita>b al-‘Arbi>, 1319 H/1999 M.
Departemen Pendidikan Nasional. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Pusat Bahasa. Cet. IV. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2008.
Ibn Rusyd, Muh}ammad bin Ah}mad bin Muh}ammad bin Ah}mad. Bida>yatu al-Mujtahid wa Niha>yatu al-Muqtas}id. Juz 2. Cet. III. al-Qa>hira: Da>r al-H{adi>s|, 1425 H/2004 M.
Ilyas, Amir. Asas-Asas Hukum Pidana. Yogyakarta: Rengkang Education, t.th.
Irfan, M. Nurul. Hukum Pidana Islam. Cet. I. Jakarta: Amzah, 2016.
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Kencana, 2011.
Muh}ammad bin Muflih}, Ibra>hi>m bin Muh}ammad bin ‘Abdillah bin. al-Mubdi’ Fi> Syarh al-Muqni’. Juz 7. Cet. I. Bairu>t: Da>r al-Kutub al-‘A Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang No. 01 Tahun 2023 KUHP.
Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang Tahun 1946 KUHP.
Wirjiyati, Sri. Memahami Dasar Ilmu Hukum: Konsep Dasar Ilmu Hukum. t.t.p.: Pranadamedia Group, 2018.
Wiza>ratul Awqa>f wa al-Syuun al-Isla>miyah. al-Mausu>’ah al-Fiqhiyyah al-Kuwaytiyyah. Juz 24. Cet. I. Mis}r: Da>r al-S{afwa, 1404 H/1983 M.
Wiza>ratul Awqa>f wa al-Syuun al-Isla>miyah. al-Mausu>’ah al-Fiqhiyyah al-Kuwaytiyyah. Juz 24. Cet. II. al-Kuwait: Da>r al-Zala>sil, 1404 H/1983 M.

Jurnal Ilmiah:
Bo’a, Fais Yonas. Pancasila Sebagai Sumber Hukum Dalam Sistem Hukum Nasional. Jurnal Konstitusi 15, no. 1, Maret 2018.
Effendi, Sumardi. Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Ja>rimah Zina Oleh Anak Di Bawah Umur Menurut Hukum Positif dan Fiqh Jinayah. Syarah 8, no. 1, Januari-Juni 2019.
Hakim, M. Aunul. Analisis Pasal 284 KUHP Tentang Tindak Pidana Zina. el-Harakah 8, no. 3, September-Desember 2008.
Huda, Syamsul. Zina Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana. Jurnal Studia Islamika 12, no. 2, Desember 2015.
Lubis, Asifah Elsa Nurahma dan Farhan Dwi Fahmi. Pengenalan dan Definisi Hukum Secara Umum (Literatur Riview Etika). dinasti riview 2, no. 6, Juli 2021.
Muzakir, Kahar. Zina Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana. Formosa 1, no. 1, Juli 2022.
Setiawan, Iwan. Tindak Pidana Perkosaan Dalam Tinjauan Hukum Pidana Indonesia”, Jurnal Ilmiah Galuh Justisi 6, no. 2, 2018.

Disertasi, Tesis, dan Skripsi:
Tamusai, Kamaluddin. Zina Menurut Hukum Positif Indonesia (Analasis terhadap pasal 284 KUHP Ditinjau Menurut Hukum Islam). Skripsi. Riau: Fak. Syariah dan Hukum UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim, 2021.
Published
2024-07-25
Statistic
Viewed: 21
Downloaded: 14
How to Cite
Yasdin, Aditya Renaldi, Rapung Rapung, and Irsyad Rafi. 2024. “Tinjauan Fikih Jinayah Terhadap Konsekuensi Zina Dalam KUHP Tahun 1946 Dan No. 01 Tahun 2023”. AL-QIBLAH: Jurnal Studi Islam Dan Bahasa Arab 3 (4), 608-30. https://doi.org/10.36701/qiblah.v3i4.1655.