Status Keabsahan Salat Berjemaah Bersama Imam yang Junub Perspektif Mazhab Syafii dan Mazhab Hambali
Status of the Validity of Congregational Prayers with Junub Imams Perspective of the shafi’in and of the Hambali
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36701/mabsuth.v1i1.2403Keywords:
Status, Validity, Salat, Imams, JunubAbstract
This research explores the legal validity of congregational prayer (ṣalāh al-jamā‘ah) when led by an imam who is in a state of major ritual impurity (junub), as understood within the Shafi‘i and Hanbali schools of thought. The topic holds significance due to a general lack of awareness among Muslims regarding the effects of an imam’s condition on the validity of communal prayer. Employing a qualitative methodology with a library-based research approach, the study draws upon foundational sources such as the Qur’an, authenticated prophetic traditions, and classical jurisprudential texts—namely al-Umm by Imam al-Shafi‘i and al-Mugnī by Ibn Qudāmah—as well as relevant secondary literature. The study finds that the Shafi‘i school asserts the invalidity of the prayer for both the imam and the followers if the imam is junub, regardless of whether the congregation is aware. On the other hand, the Hanbali school permits the validity of the followers’ prayer as long as their ignorance of the imam’s state remains until the prayer concludes, although the imam must repeat his own prayer. These differing interpretations reflect the diversity of scholarly reasoning (ijtihād) in Islamic jurisprudence and reinforce the essential role of ritual purity, especially for prayer leaders. This research enhances the understanding of purity in worship and broadens the public’s appreciation of divergent legal opinions within Islamic ritual law.
Downloads
References
Al-Qur’ān al-Karīm.
Buku
Al-Asqalani, Al-Hafiz Ibnu Hajar. Fathu al-Bārī. Beirut: 773-852 H / 1372-1449 M.
Abū Dāwūd al-Sijistānī, Sulaimān ibn al-Ashʿath. Sunan Abī Dāwūd. Juz 4. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 2009.
Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal. Musnad Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal. Juz 6. Beirut: Mu’assasat al-Risālah, 2001.
Al-Baihaqī, Abū Bakar Aḥmad bin al-Ḥusain. Manāqib al-Syāfi‘ī. Cet. I. al-Qāhirah: Dār al-Turāṡ, 1390 H/1970 M.
Al-Bukhārī, Muḥammad ibn Ismā‘īl. Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Kitāb al-Adzān, Bāb Yu’tammu bi al-Imām wa In Shaffaqqa al-Nās, no. 733. Beirut: Dār Ṭawq al-Najāḥ, 2001
Al-Bukhārī, Muḥammad ibn Ismā‘īl. Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Juz 1. Beirut: Dār Ṭawq al-Najāh, 2001..
Al-Buhūtī, Manṣūr ibn Yūnus ibn Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn al-Ḥanbalī. Kasyyāf al-Qinā ‘an Matn al-Iqnā‘. Juz 1. Beirut: ‘Ālam al-Kutub, 2003.
Bulqīnī, Abū Ḥafṣ Sirāj al Dīn ‘Umar ibn Raslān al-Syāfi‘ī. Al Tadrīb fī al Fiqh al Shāfiʿī. Riyāḍ: Ibrāhīm ibn Sulaymān al Fuhayḍ, 2015.
Farīd, Ahmad. Min Aʻlāmi al Salaf. Terjemahan Masturi Ilham. Jakarta: Pustaka Al Kutsar, 2008.
Al-Ghāzī, Muḥammad bin Qāsim. Fatḥ al-Qarīb al-Mujīb fī Syaraḥ Alfāẓ al-Taqrīb. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 2003.
Al-Ghudayyān, ‘Umar ibn ‘Abd al-‘Azīz. Tārīkh al-Fiqh. Riyāḍ: Wizārat al-Ta‘līm, t.t.
Al-Ḥajjāwī, Mūsā ibn Aḥmad. Al-Iqnā‘ fī Fiqh al-Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal. Beirūt: Dār al-Ma‘rifah, tt.
Hajar M, Model-model Pendekatan dalam Penelitian Hukum dan Fikih. Cet. I;Yogyakarta: Kalimedia, 2017.
Ibn Qudāmah al-Maqdisī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdullāh ibn Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad. al-Mugnī. Juz 2. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1405 H/1985 M.
Ibn Qudāmah, al-Maqdisī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdullāh ibn Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad, ‘Umdah al-Fiqh fi Mażhab bi al-Ḥambalī Fiqh fil Madzhab al-Ḥanbali, Beirūt: Maktabah Ashriyah, 1423 H / 2003 M.
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr ibn Ayyūb ibn Sa‘ad Shams al-Dīn. I‘lām al-Muwaqqi‘īn ‘an Rabb al-‘Ālamīn. Vol. 1. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1411 H/1991 M.
Ibn Kathīr, ʿImād al-Dīn Abū al-Fidāʾ Ismāʿīl bin ʿUmar. Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-ʿAẓīm. Juz 2. Riyāḍ: Dār Ṭayyibah, 1999.
Ibn Taimiyyah, Ahmad ibn ‘Abd al-Halim ibn ‘Abd al-Salam. al-‘Ubudiyyah. Beirut: al-Maktabah al-Islāmiyyah, 1426 H/2005 M.
Al-Jawzī, Jamāluddīn Abū al-Faraj ‘Abd al-Raḥmān ibn ‘Alī Muḥammad. Manāqib al-Imām Aḥmad. Kairo: Dār Hajar, Cet. II, 1409 H.
Al-Jazīrī, ‘Abd al-Raḥmān. Al-Fiqh ‘alā al-Maẓāhib al-Arba‘ah. Beirūt: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 2003.
Al-Karmī, Mar‘ī ibn Yūsuf. Dalīl al-Ṭālib li-Nayl al-Maṭālib. Beirūt: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, tt.
Al-Mirdāwī, ‘Alī ibn Sulaimān. Al-Insāf fī Ma‘rifat al-Rājiḥ min al-Khilāf. Bayrūt: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāṡ al-‘Arabī, 1997.
Al-Mahfani, khalilurrahman dan Abdurrahim Hamdi. Kitab Lengkap Panduan Shalat. Jakarta: Wayu Qalbu, 2016.
Al-Mutūn, Syarikah Isrāʾ. Tārīkh al‑Fiqh. Riyāḍ: Kerajaan Arab Saudi, Cet. III, 1441 H.
Al-Naysābūrī, Muslim bin al-Ḥajjāj al-Qushayrī. Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. Kitāb al-Masājid wa Mawāḍiʿ al-Ṣalāh, Bāb al-Ḥathṭ ʿalā al-Ṣalāh fī al-Jamāʿah, no. 651. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turaṡ al-ʿArabī, t.t.
Al-Nawawī, Abū Zakariyā Maḥy al-Dīn Yaḥyā ibn Syarafī, al-Majmū’ Syarh al-Muhażżab, juz 4. Cet, Dār al-Fikr; t.tp, t.t.
Al-Qurtubī, Abū ‘Abdillah Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakar bin Farḥi al-Ansārī al-Kazrajī Syams al-Dīn, al-Jāmi’ li Ahkam al-Qur’an Tafsir al-Qurṭubī. Juz 2. Cet. II; Al-Qohira, Dār al-Kitab al- Misriyah, 1384 H/1964M.
Al-Qaṭāni, Sa‘īd bin ‘Alī bin Wahf, Ṣalāt al-Jamā‘ah: Mafhūm Faḍā’il Aḥkām Fawā’id wa Ādāb fī Ḍaw’ al-Kitāb wa al-Sunnah, (Cet. 1; Riyāḍ: Maṭba‘ah Safīr, t.t.
Al-Qaṭṭān, Manā’ bin Khalīl. Tārīkh al-Tasyrī‘ al-Islāmī. Cet. V. t.t: Maktabah Wahbah, 1422 H / 2001 M.
Al-Ramlī, Syams al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad. Nihāyat al-Muḥtāj ilā Syaraḥ al-Minhāj. Bayrūt: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī, tt.
Al-Syirazi, Abu Ishaq Ibrahim bin Ali bin Yusuf al-Fairuzabadi. Al-Muhażżab fi Fiqh al-Imam al-Syāfī’. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, t.t.
Al-Tirmizi, Muhammad bin ‘Isa bin Saurah bin Musa bin Ḍāḥāk, Sunan al-Tirmizi. Cet. II; Mesir: Syarikatu Maktabah wa Matba’ah Mustafa al-Bab al-Halab, 1395 H/1975 M.
Az-zuhailī, Syekh Wahbah. Fikih Islam Wa Adillatuhu, terj. Abdul Hayyie al- kattani, Salat Wajib, Salat Sunnah, Zikir Setelah Salat Qunut Dalam Salat, Salat Jama'ah, Salat Jama' Dan Qashar. Jakarta: Gema Insani, 2010.
al-Zarqa, Mustafa Ahmad. Syaraḥ al-Qawa‘id al-Fiqhiyyah. Cet. 5. Damaskus: Dar al-Qalam, 2000.
Jurnal ilmiah
Amrullah, Afif. ‘’Hukum Mengulang Salat Berjemaah dalam Satu Mesjid Menurut Empat Mazhab’’. Jurnal Journal Of Islamic And Law Studies 2, no. 1 (2018).
Darussalam, A. ‘’ Indahnya Kebersamaan Dengan Salat Berjemaah’’. Jurnal tafsere 4, no. 1 (2016).
Haris, Rizki Muhammad. “Hukum Salat yang Tidak Sesuai Arah Kiblat: Studi Kasus Masjid-Masjid di Kecamatan Sidamanik”, AT-TAFAHUM: Journal of Islamic Law 1, no. I, (2017).
Harfain, Muhammad. Dkk., ”Mandi Junub dalam Tinjauan Al-qur’an dan Sains”, jurnal Tafsere 8, no 1 (2019).
Ilyas, Muhammad. “Keutamaan Salat Berjemaah” Jurnal Riset Agama 1, no 2 (2021).
Imran, Ali. Dkk., “ Nilai Kepemimpinan dalam Salat Berjemaah (Tinjauan Pendidikan Islam)”, jurnal Al-Qayyimah 4, no. 2 (2021).
Jazari. ‘’Analisis Omparasi Imam Maliki dan Imam Syafii dalam ibadah Sehari-hari’’ (Studi tentang Thoharoh, Wudu, Tayamum dan Mandi)’’. Jurnal studi pesantren 2, no. 2 (2022).
Khadri, Anas Naufal bin Ahmad. “Prayer Behind the Imam of Different Mazhab: A Comparison Study of Opinion of al-Qaffāl and Ibn Ḥajar al-Haitamī.” Indonesian Journal of Maqasid and Fiqh Muqaran 1, no. 2 (2022).
Muqoffi. Dkk., “ Anti-Madzhab Discourse In Indonesian Islamic Education Textbooks: Implications For Religious Literature And Education ”, Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan 22, no 1 (2024).
Norafiza, Sri. ‘’ Pandangan MUI Kabupaten Bengkalis Sholat Jama’ah Khusus Perempuan Pada Hari Raya Besar Islam Di Dusun III Simpang Ayam’’. Jurnal Al-Kifayah 2, no 1. (2023).
Syeikh, A. Karim. ‘’ Tatacara Pelaksanaan Salat Berjemaah Berdasarkan Hadis Nabi’’. Jurnal Al-Mu‘ashirah 15, no. 2 (2018).
Solikin, Hilal. ‘’ Telaah Kritis Hadis Riwayat Imam Bukhari tentang Fadhilah Shalat Berjemaah ‘’. Jurnal ilmiah keagamaan, pendidikan dan kemasyarakatan 15, no. 1 (2024).
Skripsi
Huzaifah, M. ‘’ Sikap Moderat Imam Salat Berjemaah Perspektif Hadis (Studi Ilmu Ma’anil Hadis)’’. Skripsi. (Riau: Fak. Fakultas Ushuluddin UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, 2022).
Khusnul, Anik Khusnul. “Pengaruh Pembahasan Salat Berjemaah terhadap Kesadaran Lima Waktu MI Safinda Surabaya”, Skripsi. (Surabaya: Fak. Agama Islam Universitas Muhammadiyah, 2015).
Muhibbin, Ahmad. “Konsep Imamah Menurut Imam Tabataba’I”, Skripsi (Yogyakarta: Fak. Syariah dan Hukum UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, 2009).
Mhus’ab. ‘’ Nilai Kepemimpinan dalam Shalat Berjemaah (Kajian Hadis Rasulullah Saw)’’. Skripsi. (Padangsidumpuan: Fak. Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan IAIN Padangsidumpuan, 2014).
Suandi, Ahmad. “Kedudukan Niat dalam Mandi Junub Studi Komparatif Ulama Hanafiyah dan Ulama Syafi’iyah” skripsi. (Padang: Fak. Syari’ah UIN ulama bonjol, 2024).
Yusuf, Muh. ‘’Etika Imam Dalam Salat Berjemaah (Kajian Tahlili terhadap Hadis Perintah Meringankan Salat)’’. Skripsi. (Makassar: Fak. Ushuluddin, Filsafat dan Politik UIN Alauddin Makassar, 2015).
Yasin, Ahmad. ‘’ Shalat Berjemaah dalam Al-Qur’an (Studi Kasus Mahasiswa Asrama Putera IAIN Palopo)’’. Skripsi. (Palopo: Fak. Adap dan Dakwah IAIN PALOPO, 2019).
Situs dan Sumber Online
Muhaimin, Yasin. “Sikap Makmum saat Ingat Imam Shalatnya Telah Hadats sebelum Berjemaah’’, (https://islam.nu.or.id/syariah/sikap-makmum-saat-ingat-imam-shalatnya-telah-hadats-sebelum-berjemaah-PKXwe). (19 mei 2024).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurul Aulia, Rachmat Bin Badani Tempo, Nabilah Al Azizah

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.