حكم الضمان على قتل البهائم المحترمة إذا صالت على الإنسان (دراسة في ضوء القاعدة الاضطرار لا يبطل حق الغير)
The Ruling on Compensating for the Killing of Respected Animals if They Attack a Human (The Principle of Necessity does Not Nullify the Right of Others)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36701/nukhbah.v12i1.2041Keywords:
Ruling, guarantee, killing, livestock, principleAbstract
This research, which I present to the esteemed reader, discusses the ruling on the liability for killing respected animals if they attack a human (the principle that necessity does not negate the right of others). The aim of the research is to understand the ruling on killing someone else's livestock and the ruling on compensation for killing respected livestock if they attack a person (the principle that necessity does not negate the right of others). The research problem lies in two points: the first, what is the ruling on killing someone else's livestock. Second, what is the ruling on compensating for the killing of respected animals if they attack a human (the principle that necessity does not negate the right of others)? The scientific methodology followed by this research in achieving its objectives is as follows: the inductive method and the deductive method. The most important findings of this research are: First, it is not permissible to intentionally kill someone else's livestock except in cases of necessity, which is when the respected livestock attacks a human. Secondly, there is no liability for the damage in this case, meaning if the animal attacked him, and the principle that necessity does not nullify the right of others was not applied in this case, as it is an exception to the rule.
Downloads
References
Al-Qur’ān al-Karīm
Buku:
Al-Atāsī, Muḥammad Khālid. Syarḥ al-Majallah. t.t.: Dār Rasyīd, t.th.
Al-’Asqalānī, Aḥmad ibn ’Alī ibn Hajar. Fatḥ al-Bārī bi Syarḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Beirūt: Dār al-Ma’rifah, 1379 H.
Al-Baihaqī, Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusain ibn ’Alī. Al-Sunan al-Kubrā. Cet. I; al-Qāhirah: Markaz Hajr Lilbuḥūṡ wa al-Dirāsāt al-’Arabiyyah wa al-Islāmiyyah, 1432 H/2011 M.
Al-Baihaqī, Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusain ibn ’Alī. Al-Sunan al-Kubrā. Cet. II; Beirūt-Lebanon: Dār al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyyah, 1424 H/2003 M.
Al-Bagdādī, Abū al-Ḥasan ’Alī ibn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Ḥabīb al-Baṣrī. Al-Ḥāwī al-Kabīr. Cet I; Beirūt-Lebanon: Dār al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyyah, 1419 H/1999 M.
Al-Buwaiṭī, Muḥammad al-Amīn ibn ’Abdillah ibn Yūsuf ibn al-Ḥasan al-Uramī al-’Alawī al-Aṡyūbī al-Hararī al-Karī. Syarḥ Sunan ibn Mājah al-Musammā (Mursid Żī al-Ḥajjā wa al-Ḥājjah ilā Sunan ibn Mājah) wa (al-Qaul al-Muktafā ’alā Sunan al-Muṣṭafā). Cet. I; al-Mamlukah al-’Arabiyyah al-Su’ūdiyyah-Jeddah: Dār al-Minhāj, 1439 H/2018 M.
Al-Damasyqī, Abū al-Fidā’ Ismā’īl ibn ’Umar ibn Kaṡīr al-Qursyī al-Baṣrī. Tafsīr Al-Qur’ān al-’Aẓīm. Cet. I; Beirūt: Dār al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyyah, 1419 H.
Al-Dāruquṭnī, Abū al-Ḥasan ’Alī ibn ’Umar ibn Aḥmad ibn Mahdī ibn Mas’ūd ibn al-Nu’mān ibn Dīnār al-Bagdādī. Sunan al-Dāruquṭnī. Cet I; Beirūt-Lebanon: Muassasah al-Risālah, 1424 H/2004 M.
Al-Dūsarī, Musallam ibn Muḥammad ibn Mājid. Al-Mumti’ fī al-Qawā’id al-Fiqhiyyah. Cet. I; al-Riyāḍ - al-Mamlukah al-’Arabiyyah al-Su’ūdiyyah: Dār Zidnī, 1428 H/2007 M.
Al-Fairūzābadī, Majd al-Dīn Abū Ṭāhir Muḥammad ibn Ya’qūb. Al-Qāmūs al-Muḥīṭ. Cet. VIII; Beirūt-Lebanon: Muassasah al-Risālah, 1426 H/2005 M.
Al-Fayyūmī, Aḥmad ibn Aḥmad ibn ’Alī. Al-Miṣbāh al-Munīr fī Garīb al-Syarḥ al-Kabīr. Cet. I; Beirūt: al-Maktabah al-’Ilmiyyah, 1431 H.
Al-Gazzī, Muḥammad Ṣidqī ibn Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Būrnū Abī al-Ḥāriṡ. Al-Wajīz fī Īḍāḥ Qawā’id al-Fiqh al-Kulliyyah. Cet. IV; Beirūt: Muassasah al-Risālah, 1416 H/1996 M.
Al-Hājirī, Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Jābir. Al-Qawā’id wa al-Ḍawābiṭ al-Fiqhiyyah fī al-Ḍamān al-Mālī. Cet. I; al-Su’ūdiyyah: Dār Kanwaz Isybīliyyah, 1429 H/ 2008 M.
Al-Ḥanafī, Sulaimān ibn ’Abdillah al-Qarq Āgājī. Syarḥ al-Khātimah fī al-Qawā’id al-Fiqhiyyah. Istānbūl: Dār Yāsīn, 1435 H/2014 M.
Al-Ḥanbalī, ’Abdurraḥman ibn Aḥmad ibn Rajab ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad ibn Mas’ūd al-Bagdādī al-Damasyqī. Al-Qawā’id al-Fiqhiyyah. Cet. I; Beirūt-Lebanon: Dār al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyyah, 1429 H/2008 M.
Al-Ḥanbalī, Muwaffaq al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad ’Abdullah ibn Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Qudāmah al-Maqdisī al-Jamā’īlī al-Damasyqī al-Ṣāliḥī. Al-Mugnī. Cet. III; al-Riyāḍ - al-Mamlukah al-’Arabiyyah al-Su’ūdiyyah: Dār ’Ālim al-Kutub, 1417 H/ 1997 M.
Al-Ḥāzamī, Rāid ibn Ḥamdān ibn Ḥamīd. Aḥkām al-Tayammum Dirāsah Fiqhiyyah Muqāranah. Cet. I; al-Mamlukah al-’Arabiyyah al-Su’ūdiyyah: Dār al-Ṣamī’ī, 1432 H/ 2011 M.
Al-Hindī, Muḥammad Anwar Syāh ibn Mu’ẓim Syāh al-Kasymīrī. Al-’Urf al-Syażī Syarḥ Sunan al-Tirmiżī. Cet. I; Beirūt-Lebanon: Dār al-Turāṡ al-’Arabī, 1425 H/2004 H.
Al-Ifrīqī, Muḥammad ibn Mukrim ’Alī Abū al-Faḍl Jamāl al-Dīn ibn Manẓūr al-Anṣārī al-Ruwaifi’ī. Lisān al-’Arab. Cet. III; Beirūt: Dār Ṣādir, 1414 H.
Al-Ja’fī, Abū ’Abdullah Muḥammad ibn Ismā’īl ibn Ibrāhīm ibn al-Mugīrah ibn Bardiznah al-Bukhārī. Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Cet. I; Beirūt: Dār Ṭūq al-Najāh, 1422 H.
Al-Khafīf, ’Alī Muḥammad. Al-Ḍamān fī al-Fiqh al-Islāmī wa al-Kafālah wa al-Diyyāt wa al-Urūsy wa al-Qasāmah. Cet. I; t.t.: Dār al-Fikr ah-’Arabī, 2010 M.
Al-Ma’ālī, ’Abd al-Malik ibn ’Abdillah ibn Yūsuf ibn Muḥammad al-Juwainī Abū. Nihāyah al-Maṭlab fī Dirāyah al-Mażhab. Cet. I; t.t.: Dār al-Manhāj, 1428 H/2007 M.
Al-Mālikī, Abū al-’Abbās Syihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn Idrīs ibn ’Abdurraḥman. Al-Furūq. t.t.: ’Ālim al-Kutub, 1431 H.
Al-Mālikī, al-Qāḍī Abū Muḥammad ’Abd al-Wahhāb ibn ’Alī ibn Naṣr al-Bagdādī. Al-Isyrāf ’alā Nakt Masāil al-Khilāf. Cet. I; t.t.: Dār ibn Ḥazm, 1420 H/1999 M.
Al-Mālikī, al-Qāḍī Abū Muḥammad ’Abd al-Wahhāb ibn ’Alī ibn Naṣr al-Bagdādī. Al-Ma’ūnah ’alā Mażhab ’Ālim al-Madīnah. Mekkah al-Mukarramah: al-Maktabah Al-Tijāriyyah, t.th.
Al-Mardāwī, ’Alā’ al-Dīn Abū al-Ḥasan ’Alī ibn Sulaimān ibn Aḥmad. Al-Inṣāf fī Ma’rifah al-Rājiḥ min al-Khilāf. Cet. I; al-Qāhirah-Mesir: Hajr, 1415 H/1995 M.
Al-Naisābūrī, Abū al-Ḥusain Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj al-Qusyairī. Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. Al-Qāhirah: Maṭba’ah ’Īsā al-Bābī al-Ḥalbī wa Syarikāh, 1374 H/1955 M.
Al-Nasāī, Abū ’Abdurraḥman Aḥmad ibn Syu’aib. Sunan al-Nasāī. Cet. I; al-Qāhirah: al-Maktabah al-Tijāriyyah al-Kubrā, 1347 H/1930 M.
Al-Nawawī, Abū Zakariyyā Muḥyī al-Dīn Syaraf. Al-Minhāj Syarḥ Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim ibn Hajjāj. Cet. II; Beirūt: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāṡ al-’Arabī, 1392 H.
Al-Quzainī, ’Abd al-Karīm ibn Muḥammad ibn ’Abd al-Karīm Abū al-Qāsim al-Rāfi’ī. Al-’Azīz Syarḥ al-Wajīz. Cet. I; Beirūt-Lebanon: Dār al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyyah, 1417 H/1997 M.
Al-Quzwainī, Abū ’Abdullah Muḥammad ibn Yazīd ibn Mājah. Sunan ibn Mājah. Cet. I; t.t.: Dār al-Risālah al-’Ālamiyyah, 1430 H/2009 M.
Al-Riāsah al-’Āmmah li idārāt al-Buḥūṡ al-’Ilmiyyah wa al-Iftā’ wa al-Da’wah wa al-Irsyād. Majallah al-Buḥūṡ al-Islāmiyyah. Cet. I; t.t.: Idārah al-Buḥūṡ, 1433 H.
Al-Ṣābūnī, Muḥammad ’Alī. Rawāid al-Bayān Tafsīr Āyāt al-Aḥkām. Cet. III; Damaskus: Maktabah al-Gazālī, 1400 H/1980 M.
Al-Sajistānī, Abū Dāwud Sulaimān ibn al-Asy’aṡ al-Azdī. Sunan Abī Dāwud. Cet. I; Beirūt: Dār al-Risālah al-’Ālamiyyah, 1430 H/2009 M.
Al-Suyūṭī, ’Abdurraḥman ibn Abī Bakr Jalāl al-Dīn. Ḥāsyiyah al-Suyūṭī ’alā Sunan al-Nasāī. Cet. II; Aleppo: Maktab al-Maṭbū’āt al-Islāmiyyah, 1406 H/1986 M.
Al-Suyūṭī, Jalāl al-Dīn ’Abdurraḥman. Al-Asybāh wa al-Naẓāir fī Qawā’id wa Furū’ Fiqh al-Syāfi’iyyah. Cet. I; t.t.: Dār al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyyah, 1403 H/1983 M.
Al-Syāfi’ī, al-Zarkasyī Badr al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn ’Abdillah ibn Bahādur. Al-Manṡūr fī al-Qawā’id al-Fiqhiyyah. Cet. II; t.t.: Wizārah al-Awqāf al-Kuwaitiyyah, 1405 H/1985 M.
Al-Syāfi’ī, Syihāb al-Dīn Abū al-’Abbās Aḥmad ibn Ḥusain ibn ’Alī ibn Raslān al-Maqdisī al-Ramlī. Syarḥ Sunan Abī Dāwud. Cet. I; al-Fayyūm-Mesir: Dār al-Fallāḥ li al-Buḥūṡ al-’Ilmī wa Taḥqīq al-Turāṡ, 1437 H/2016 M.
Al-Syarbainī, Syams al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Khaṭīb. Mugnī al-Muḥtāj ilī Ma’rifah Ma’ānī Alfāẓ al-Minhāj. Cet. I; t.t.: Dār al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyyah, 1415 H/1994 H.
Al-Tirmiżī, Muḥammad ibn ’Īsā ibn Saurah ibn Mūsā ibn al-Ḍaḥḥāk. Sunan al-Tirmiżī. Cet. II; Mesir: Syarikah Maktabah wa Maṭba’ah Muṣṭafā al-Bābī al-Ḥalbī, 1395 H/1975 M.
Al-Ṭūsī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Gazālī. Al-Mustaṣfā. Cet. I; t.t.: Dār al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyyah, 1413 H/1993 M.
Al-Ya’mirī, Ibrāhīm ibn ’Alī ibn Muḥammad ibn Farḥūn Burhān al-Dīn. Tabṣirah al-Ḥukkām fī Uṣūl al-Aqḍiyah wa Manāhij al-Aḥkām. Cet. I; t.t.: Maktabah al-Kulliyyāt al-Azhiriyyah, 1406 H/1986 M.
Al-Zarqā, Aḥmad ibn al-Syaikh Muḥammad. Syarḥ al-Qawā’id al-Fiqhiyyah. Cet. II; Damaskus-Sūriah: Dār al-Qalam, 1409 H/1989 M.
Al-Zuḥailī, Muḥammad Muṣṭafā. Al-Qawā’id al-Fiqhiyyah wa Taṭbīqātuhā fī al-Mażāhib al-Arba’ah. Cet. I; Damaskus: Dār al-Fikr, 1427 H/2006 M.
Al-Zuḥailī, Wahbah. Naẓariyyah al-Ḍamān aw Aḥkām al-Masūliyyah al-Madaniyyah al-Jināiyyah fī al-Fiqh al-Islāmī (Dirāsah Muqāranah). Cet. IX; Damaskus-Beirūt: Dār al-Fikr-Dār al-Fikr al-Ma’āṣir, 1433 H/ 2012 M.
Al-Zuḥailī, Wahbah ibn Muṣṭafā. Al-Fiqh al-Islāmī wa Adillatuh. Cet. IV; Sūriah-Damaskus: Dār al-Fikr, t.th.
Anas, Mālik ibn. Al-Muwaṭṭa’. Cet. I; Beirūt-Lebanon: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāṡ al-’Arabī, 1406 H/1985 M.
Lāsyīn, Mūsā Syāhīn. Fatḥ al-Mun’im Syarḥ Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. Cet. I; t.t.: Dār Syurūq, 1423 H/2002 M.
Muḥammad, Zain al-Dīn Ibrāhīm ibn. Al-Asybāh wa al-Naẓāir ’alā Mażhab Abī Ḥanīfah al-Nu’mān. Cet. I; Beirūt-Lebanon: Dār al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyyah, 1419 H/1999 M.
Muḥammad, Zain al-Dīn Ibrāhīm ibn. Al-Baḥr al-Rāiq Syarḥ Kanz al-Daqāiq wa Minḥah al-Khāliq wa Takmilah al-Ṭūrī. Cet. II; t.t.: Dār al-Kitāb al-Islāmī, t.th.
Muṣṭafā, Ibrāhīm, dkk. Al-Mu’jam al-Wasīṭ. t.t.: Dār al-Da’wah, t.th.
Qal’ajī, Muḥammad Rawās dan Ḥāmid Ṣādiq Qunaibī. Mu’jam Lugah al-Fuqahā’. Cet. II; t.t.: Dār al-Nafāis, 1408 H/1988 M.
Sujarweni, Wiratna. Metodologi Penelitian. Yogkarta: Pustaka Baru Press, 2019 M.
Suryabrata, Sumadi. Metodologi Penelitian. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2014 M.
Wizārah al-Awqāf wa al-Syuūn al-Islāmiyyah al-Kuwait. Al-Mausū’ah al-Fiqhiyyah al-Kuwaitiyyah. Cet. I; Mesir: Maṭābi’ Dār al-Ṣafwah, 1404 H.
Jurnal Ilmiah:
Hanīnī, ’Abd al-Ḥamīd ’Abd al-Muḥsin ’Abd al-Ḥamīd. “Al-Ibrā’ fī Ḍamān al-Mutlafāt”, Jurnal al-’Ulūm al-Islāmiyyah 6 (1432 H): h. 94- 137.
Jābullah, Samīr. “Masyrū’iyyah al-Ta’wīḍ ’an al-Ḍarar fī al-Fiqh al-Islāmī wa Madā Syumūliyyatih lī al-Aḍrār al-Kawāriṡ al-Ṭabī’iyyah Fīrūs Kūrūnā Anmūżajā”, Jurnal Jāmi’ah al-Amīr ’Abd al-Qādir li al-’Ulūm al-Islāmiyyah 2 (2021): h. 281-322.
Maḥmūd, Hājir Ibrāhīm ’Abd al-Razzāq. “Al-Qā’idah al-Fiqhiyyah wa Aṡaruhā fī al-Tasyrī’ al-Islāmī “al-Iḍṭirār Lā Yubṭil Ḥaq al-Gair” Anmūżajā”, Jurnal Kulliyyah al-’Ulūm al-Islāmiyyah 72 (1444 H): h. 598-626.
Miharja, Jaya. “Konsep Ganti Rugi Perspektif Hukum Islam”, Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah 8, no. 2 (2016): h. 133-155.
Rahmadani, Fazri. “Hukum Menyembelih Hewan Unggas Orang Lain Karena Mengganggu dan Merusak Persawahan”, Journal of Law and Nation 2, no. 2 (2023): h. 89-92.
Tesis:
Bakry, Kasman. “Konsep al-Qawā’id al-Khamsu Menurut Mażhab Syāfi’ī (Merespon Problematika Kontemporer)”. Tesis. Makassar: PPs UIN Alauddin, 2009.
Situs:
Adhi, Irwan Sapto. “Lepas dari Pasar Ternak, Sapi Serang Warga hingga Tewas” (https://www.kompas.com/global/read/2022/11/30/092350070/lepas-dari-pasar-ternak-sapi-serang-warga-hingga-tewas). (30 November 2022).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Rosmita Rosmita, Rahmayani Rahmayani, Miftahul Jannah

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.















